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NEET (UG) Biology Syllabus 2025 PDF Download

Candidates must be familiar with the NEET (UG) Biology Syllabus to pursue further Biology education. Click here to access the NEET (UG) Biology Syllabus 2025 PDF.


NEET (UG) Biology Syllabus 2025

The NEET (UG) Biology Syllabus for the NEET (UG) 2025 is available by the CBSE. The NEET (UG) Biology Syllabus is available for review from the link below. The NEET (UG) 2025 Biology syllabus defines and describes each unit covered on the NEET (UG) 2025 Biology exam.

Academic year:

Medical Entrance Exam Biology Revised Syllabus

Units and Topics

#Unit/TopicWeightage
1  Class 11 
🞽Unit-1: Diversity in Living World-
1  The Living World 
2  Biological Classification 
3  Plant Kingdom 
4  Animal Kingdom 
🞽Unit-2: Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals-
5  Morphology of Flowering Plants 
6  Anatomy of Flowering Plants 
7  Structural Organisation in Animals 
🞽Unit-3: Cell Structure and Function-
8  Cell The Unit of Life 
9  Biomolecules 
10  Cell Cycle and Cell Division 
11  Transport in Plants 
🞽Unit-4: Plant Physiology-
11  Photosynthesis in Higher Plants 
12  Respiration in Plants 
12  Mineral Nutrition 
12  Digestion and Absorption 
13  Plant Growth and Development 
14  Breathing and Exchange of Gases 
15  Body Fluids and Circulation 
🞽Unit-5: Human Physiology -
16  Excretory Products and Their Elimination 
17  Locomotion and Movement 
18  Neural Control and Coordination 
19  Chemical Coordination and Integration 
2  Class 12 
🞽Unit-6: Reproduction-
20  Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants 
21  Human Reproduction 
22  Reproductive Health 
23  Reproduction in Organisms 
🞽Unit-7: Genetics and Evolution-
23  Principles of Inheritance and Variation 
24  Molecular Basis of Inheritance 
25  Evolution 
🞽Unit-8: Biology and Human Welfare-
26  Human Health and Diseases 
27  Microbes in Human Welfare 
🞽Unit-9: Biotechnology and its Applications-
28  Biotechnology - Principles and Processes 
29  Biotechnology and Its Application 
🞽Unit-10: Ecology and Environment-
30  Organisms and Populations 
31  Ecosystem 
31  Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production 
32  Biodiversity and Conservation 
38  Environmental Issues 
 Total -
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Syllabus

1: Class 11

Medical Entrance Exam Biology Syllabus
🞽 Unit-1: Diversity in Living World
1 The Living World
  • Concept of Living  
    • What is ‘Living’?
    • Characteristics of living organisms
    1. Growth
    2. Reproduction
    3. Cellular structure
    4. Response to stimuli (Consciousness)
    5. Homeostasis
    6. Metabolism
    • Difference  between anabolism and catabolism
  • Characteristics of Living Beings  
  • Diversity in the Living World  
    • Biodiversity
    • Identification
    • Nomenclature - Binomial Nomenclature
    • Classification - Taxonomy and Systematics
  • Biodiversity  
  • Understanding Taxonomy  
  • Nomenclature  
    • Binomial Nomenclature  
  • Taxonomic Categories  
  • Taxonomic Hierarchy of Living Organisms: Unit of Classification  
  • Taxonomical Aids  
    • Taxonomical Aids
    • Usage of Taxonomical Aids
    1. Herbarium
    2. Botanical Gardens
    3. Biological museums
    4. Zoological Parks
    5. Key
    6. Molecular taxonomy
    7. Automated species identification tools
2 Biological Classification
  • Introduction of Biological Classification  
  • History of Classification  
    • History of Classification
    • Aristotle
    • Theophrastus
    • John Ray
    • Carolus Linnaeus
    • Ernst Haeckal
    • Herbert F. Copeland
    • R.H.Whittaker
    • Carl Woese
  • Types of Classification  
    • Artificial system of classification
    • Natural system
    • Phylogenetic system of classification 
    • Angiosperm phylogeny group (APG) classification
  • Five Kingdom Classification  
    • Introduction
    • Hierarchy Classification
    • Five Kingdom Classification
  • Salient Features of Five Kingdoms  
    • Kingdom Monera - Archebacteria, Eubacteria, Mycoplasma
    • Kingdom Protista - Plant like protista, Animal like Protista, Dinoflagellates, Fungi like protista, Euglenoids
    • Kingdom Plantae
    • Kingdom Fungi - Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes
    • Kingdom Animalia
  • Characteristics of the Five Kingdoms  
  • Merits and Demerits of the Five Kingdom Classification  
  • Kingdom Monera  
    • Introduction
    • Experiment
  • Archaebacteria vs Eubacteria  
  • Heterotrophic bacteria vs Mycoplasma  
  • Kingdom Protista  
    • Introduction
    • Experiment
  • Kingdom Fungi  
    • Introduction
    • Experiment
  • Kingdom Plantae  
  • Kingdom Animalia  
    • Kingdom Animalia
    • Characteristics of Kingdom Animalia
  • Viruses, Viroids, Prions and Lichens  
3 Plant Kingdom
4 Animal Kingdom
🞽 Unit-2: Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals
5 Morphology of Flowering Plants
  • Plant Morphology  
    • Plant morphology
    • Classification of plant morphology
    1. Vegetative morphology
      Component of vegetative morphology
      (a) Habit
      (b) Plant habitat
      (c) Life Span
    2. Reproductive Morphology
    • Parts of a flowering plant
  • The Root  
    • Root system
    • Characteristic of the root system
    • Type of Root:
      1) Primary root
      2) Secondary root
    • Regions of root
      1) Meristematic Zone
      2) Zone of Elongation
      3) Zone of Maturation
    • Types of the root system
      1) Tap root system
      2) Fibrous root system
      3) Adventitious root system
    • Functions of root
      1) Primary function
      2) Secondary function
    • Modifications of root
  • The Stem  
  • The Leaf  
    • The Leaf
    • Characteristics of leaf
    • Functions of the leaf -
      1) Primary functions
      2) Secondary functions
    • Parts of the leaf -
      1) Leaf base (hypopodium)
      2) Petiole (stipe or mesopodium)
      3) Lamina (Leaf blade)
    • Venation -
      1) Reticulate venation
      2) Parallel venation
    • Phyllotaxy -
      1) Alternate Phyllotaxy
      2) Opposite Phyllotaxy
      3) Ternate phyllotaxy
      4) Whorled (verticillate) type of phyllotaxy
    • Leaf mosaic
    • Types of Leaves -
      1) Simple leaf
      2) Compound leaf - Pinnately and palmately compound leaf
    • Modifications of Leaves
      1) Leaf tendrils
      2) Leaf hooks
      3) Leaf Spines and Prickles
      4) Storage Leaves
      5) Phyllode
      6) Pitcher
      7) Bladder
      8) Floral leaves
    • Leaf duration - Caducuous (Fagacious), Deciduous, Evergreen and Marcescent
  • The Inflorescence  
    • Inflorescence
    • Types of Inflorescence
      1) Based On Position - Terminal, Auxillary, and Cauliflorous
      2) Based on branching pattern and other characters -Indeterminate (Racemose), Determinate (Cymose), Mixed inflorescence and Special inflorescence
    • Racemose Inflorescence
      1) Main axis elongated - Simple raceme, Spike, Spikelet, Catkin, Spadix and Pancile
      2) Main axis shortened - Corymb, Umbel
      3) Main axis flattened - Head, 
    • Cymose inflorescence - 
      1) Simple cyme (solitary)
      2) Monochasial Cyme (uniparous) - Helicoid and Scorpioid
      3) Simple dichasium (Biparous)
      4) Compound dichasium:
      5) Polychasial Cyme (multiparous)
    • Mixed Inflorescence
      1) Thyrsus
      2) Verticillaster
    • Special Inflorescence
      1) Cyathium
      2) Hypanthodium
      3) Coenanthium
  • Flower  
    • Flower Symmetry  
      • Flower symmetry
      1. Actinomorphic (or) radial or polysymmetric
      2. Zygomorphic (bilateral symmetry) or monosymmetric
      3. Asymmetric (amorphic)
  • Types of Flowers  
  • The Fruit  
  • The Seed  
    • Definition: Seed
    • Structure and Formation of the Seed
    • Seed Variability and Adaptations
    • Role and Importance of Seeds
  • Structure of Dicotyledonous seed vs. Monocotyledonous seed  
  • Classification of Seeds  
  • Semi-technical Description of a Typical Flowering Plant  
  • Solanaceae  
  • Malvaceae  
  • Cruciferae (Brassicaceae)  
  • Leguminosae  
  • Compositae  
  • Graminae  
6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants
7 Structural Organisation in Animals
🞽 Unit-3: Cell Structure and Function
8 Cell The Unit of Life
9 Biomolecules
  • Concept of Biomolecules  
    • Biomolecules
    • Importance of biomolecules
  • Analysis of Chemical Composition  
  • Biomolecules in the Cell > Lipids  
    • Lipids
    1. Saturated fatty acids
    2. Unsaturated Fatty Acids 
    • Simple Lipids
    • Compound lipids
    • Sterols
    • Biological importance of lipids
  • Primary and Secondary Metabolites  
  • Biomacromolecules  
    • The acid-soluble pool (Filtrate)
    • Types of Biomolecules
    1. Micromolecules
    2. Macromolecules
  • Proteins  
    • Proteins
    • Based on our nutritional requirements, amino acids are classified as:
      1) Non-essential amino acids 
      2) Essential amino acids
    • Functions of proteins
    • Bonding and protein structure
      1) Peptide bond of proteins or polypeptides
    • Classification of proteins
      1) Primary (Basic) structures
      2) Secondary structure
      3) Tertiary structure
      4) Quaternary structure
    • Amino acids
  • Polysaccharides  
  • Biomolecules in the Cell > Nucleic Acids  
  • Biomolecules in the Cell  
  • Structure of Proteins  
  • Enzymes - Chemical Reactions  
  • Enzyme- High Rates Chemical Conversion  
  • Nature of Enzyme Action  
    1. Purely proteinaceous enzymes
    2. Conjugated enzymes
  • Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity  
  • Classification and Nomenclature of Enzymes  
  • Enzymes - Co-factors  
  • Nature of Bond Linking Monomers in a Polymer  
10 Cell Cycle and Cell Division
11 Transport in Plants
  • Introduction of Transport in Plants  
  • Diffusion  
    • Definition: Diffusion
  • Absorption and Conduction of Water and Minerals  
    • Comparison of Different Transport Processes  
  • Turgidity and Flaccidity (Plasmolysis)  
    • Definition: Turgid
    • Definition: Turgidity
    • Definition: Turgor Pressure
    • Definition: Wall Pressure
    • Definition: Plasmolysis
    • Definition: Flaccidity
  • Imbibition  
    • Definition: lmbibition
  • Plant Water Relation  
  • Long Distance Transport of Water  
    • Plants Absorb Water  
      • apoplast pathway
      • symplast pathway
    • Water Movement up a Plant  
      • Root Pressure and Guttation
      • Transpiration pull
  • Transpiration - Transpiration and Photosynthesis – a Compromise  
  • Uptake and Transport of Mineral Nutrients  
    • Uptake of mineral ions
    • Active absorption
    • Translocation of Mineral Ions
  • Phloem Transport - Flow from Source to Sink  
  • Phloem Transport - Pressure Flow Or Mass Flow Hypothesis  
  • Diffusion of Gases  
🞽 Unit-4: Plant Physiology
11 Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
  • Concept of Photosynthesis  
    • Definition: Photosynthesis
    • Explanation
  • Experiments on Photosynthesis  
  • Site of Photosynthesis  
    • Light Reactions
    • Dark Reaction
  • Pigments in Photosynthesis  
    • difference between chlorophyll ‘a’&‘b’, carotenoids and xanthophyll
    • Pigments Involved in Photosynthesis (Elementary Idea)
  • Light Reaction  
    • Definition: Photolysis
    • Definition: Photophosphorylation
  • Electron Transport  
    • Photoexcitation of PS-II
    • Electron transport system
    • Photoexcitation of PS-I
    • The Z-Scheme
    • Splitting of Water  
    • Chemiosmotic Hypothesis  
  • Use of ATP and NADPH  
  • Primary Acceptor of CO2  
  • The Calvin Cycle  
    • The Calvin Cycle
    • Three phases of the Calvin cycle
    1. Carboxylation
    2. Reduction
    3. Regeneration
  • The C4 Pathway  
    • C4 Plants
    • Characteristics of C4 plants
    • Kranz Anatomy
    • The C4 Pathway
    • Diagramatic representation of the Hatch and Slack pathway
  • Photorespiration  
  • Factors Affecting Photosynthesis  
12 Respiration in Plants
  • Introduction of Respiration in Plants  
  • Breathing in Plants  
  • Cellular Respiration  
    • Definition: Aerobic Respiration
    • Definition: Anaerobic Respiration
    • Key Points: Cellular Respiration
  • Glycolysis  
    • Definition: Glycolysis
  • Fermentation  
    • Fermentation
    • Process of Fermentation
    • Types of Fermentation
    1. Lactic Acid Fermentation
    2. Alcohol Fermentation
    3. Acetic acid Fermentation
    4. Butyric acid Fermentation
    • Advantages of Fermentation
  • Aerobic Respiration  
    • Electron Transport System (Ets) and Oxidative Phosphorylation  
      • Oxidative Phosphorylation
      • Oxidative Phosphorylation Steps
  • Respiratory Balance Sheet  
  • Amphibolic Pathways  
  • Respiratory Quotient  
12 Mineral Nutrition
  • Methods to Study the Mineral Requirements of Plants  
    • Hydroponics
  • Essential Mineral Elements  
    • Criteria for Essentiality
    • Two types of essential minerals based on their quantitative requirements
      1) Macronutrients
      2) Micronutrients (Trace Elements)
    • Deficiency Symptoms of Essential Elements  
    • Toxicity of Micronutrients  
  • Soil as Reservoir of Essential Elements  
  • Metabolism of Nitrogen  
    • Biological Nitrogen Fixation  
12 Digestion and Absorption
  • Introduction of Digestion and Absorption  
  • Alimentary Canal  
    • Alimentary canal
    • The human alimentary canal consists following parts:
    1. Buccal (oral) cavity
      a) Mouth
      b) Teeth - thecodont, Diphyodont, enamel, Types of Teeth: Incisors, Canines, Premolars, Molars, Dental Formula → Arrangement of teeth in each half of the upper and lower jaw
      c) Tongue
    2. Pharynx
    3. Oesophagus (food pipe)
    4. Stomach: Cardiac region, Fundic region, Body (Main central region), Pyloric region.
    5. Small Intestine: Duodenum, Jejunum, IIleum
    6. Large Intestine: Caccum, Colon, Rectum, Anal canal
    7. Anus: Wall of Alimentary canal
      i) Serosa
      ii) Muscularis
      iii) Submucosa
      iv) Mucosa
  • Digestive Glands  
    • Digestive Glands
    1. Salivary gland:
      a) Parotid gland
      b) Subligual gland
      c) Submaxillary/ Submandibular gland
    2. Liver
    3. Gall bladder
    4. Pancreas
  • Role of Digestive Enzymes and Gastrointestinal Hormones  
    • In Buccal Cavity: Constituents of saliva, Salivary amylase, Lysozyme
    • In Stomach:
      a) Gastric glands: Chief/ peptic (zymogen cells), Oxyntic/ parietal cells, Mucus neck cells, Gastric Juice, gastric secretion
    • In Small Intestine: Intestinal juice (Succus entericus)
      a) Role of bite in fat digestion
      b) Role of Pancreatic Juice
      ⇒ In carbohydrate digestion
      ⇒ In protein digestion
      ⇒ In fat digestion
      ⇒ In Nucleic acid digestion
      c) Role of intestinal juice indigestion
      ⇒ In carbohydrate digestion
      ⇒ In protein digestion
      ⇒ In fat digestion
      ⇒ In Nucleic acid digestion
    • Large Intestine
      ⇒ Neural and hormonal control on digestion process
  • Peristalsis, Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats  
    • Absorption
    • It is carried out by various processes:
    1. Passive Absorption
      ⇒ Process
      a) Simple diffusion
      b) Osmosis
      c) Facilitated transport
    2. Active absorption
    • Absorption of fatty acids and glycerol
    • Absorption in different parts of the alimentary canal
    • Assimilation
  • Calorific Values of Proteins  
  • Calorific Values of Carbohydrates  
  • Calorific Values of Fats  
  • Digestion of Food  
  • Absorption of Digested Products  
    • Absorption of substances takes place in different parts of the alimentary canal, like mouth, stomach, small intestine and large intestine
  • Egestion of Food  
  • Nutritional and Digestive Tract Disorders  
    • Disorders of the digestive system
    1. Inflammation of the intestinal tract
    2. Jaundice
    3. Vomiting 
    4. Diarrhoea
    5. Constipation
    6. Indigestion
    • PEM (Protein-energy malnutrition)
    1. Kwashiorkar
    2. Marasmus
13 Plant Growth and Development
  • Introduction of Plant Growth and Development  
  • Growth in Plants  
    • Plant Growth is Measurable  
  • Phases of Growth  
  • Growth Rates  
  • Growth Comparisons  
  • Conditions for Growth  
  • Differentiation, Dedifferentiation and Redifferentiation  
  • Concept of Development  
    • Sequence of Developmental Processes in a Plant Cell
  • Plant Growth Regulators  
    • Auxins
    • Gibberellins
    • Cytokinins (Cytos – cell, Kinesis – division)
    • Ethylene (Gaseous Phytohormone)
    • Abscisic Acid (ABA) (Stress Phyto hormone)
    • Physiological Effects of Plant Growth Regulators  
      • Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Ethylene, Abscisic acid, 
14 Breathing and Exchange of Gases
15 Body Fluids and Circulation
  • Fluids in Our Body  
    • Definition: Closed Blood Circulatory System
    • Definition: Open Blood Circulatory System
    • Key Points: Fluids in Our Body
  • Blood  
    • Formed Elements  
  • Plasma (The Liquid Portion of Blood)  
    • Plasma
    • Components of Plasma
    • Function of Plasma
    • Definition: Serum
  • Blood Transfusion and Blood Groups (ABO and Rh system)  
    • Definition: Blood Transfusion
    • Definition: Blood Donor
    • Definition: Blood Recipient
    • Definition: Antigens
    • Definition: Antibodies
    • Definition: Universal Donor
    • Definition: Universal Recipient
    • Blood Groups
    • Rh Factor
    • Key Point: Blood Transfusion and Blood Groups
  • Circulatory Pathways  
    • Human Circulatory System  
      • Circulatory System in Animals, Humans and Structure of Human Heart and Blood Vessels
      • Origin and conduction of heart beat 
      • Cardiac Cycle
      • Cardiac output
      • Blood Pressure
      • Electrocardiogram (ECG)
      • P Wave (Atrial depolarisation)
      • PQ Interval (AV node delay)
      • QRS Complex (Ventricular depolarisation)
      • ST Segment 
      • T wave (Ventricular repolarisation)
  • Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation (Double Circulation)  
    • Definition: Double Circulation
    • Key Points: Double Circulation
  • Regulation of Cardiac Activity  
  • Disorders of Circulatory System  
    • Disorders of the Circulatory System:
    1. Hypertension/ High blood pressure: Normal blood pressure
    2. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) or Atherosclerosis
    3. Angina / Angina pectoris
    4. Heart Failure: Myocardial infarction (Heart failure), Cardiac arrest, Heart attack, Stroke
    5. Rheumatoid Heart Disease
  • Difference between RBCs, WBCs and Platelets  
🞽 Unit-5: Human Physiology
16 Excretory Products and Their Elimination
17 Locomotion and Movement
  • Introduction of Locomotion and Movement  
    • Movements
    • Locomotion
    • Locomotary movements
    • Significance of locomotion
  • Types of Movement  
    • Types of movement
      1) Amoeboid movement
      2) Ciliary movement
      3) Muscular movement
  • Muscles  
    • Muscles
    • Properties of muscles
    • Classification of muscles
    1. Based on their location
      (i) Skeletal muscles
      (ii) Visceral muscles
      (iii) Cardiac muscles
    2. Based on their appearance
      (i) Striated muscles
      (ii) Smooth muscles
    3. Based on nature
      (i) Voluntary muscles
      (ii) Involuntary muscles
  • Comparison Between Skeletal, Visceral And Cardiac Muscles  
  • Skeletal Muscle (Voluntary Muscle)  
    • Structure of a skeletal muscle fibre
  • Structure of Contractile Proteins  
    • Structure of Contractile Proteins
    1. Actin filament
    2. Myosin filament
  • Mechanism of Muscle Contraction  
    • Mechanism of muscle contraction
    • Steps of muscle contraction
  • Skeletal System  
    • Skeletal System and Its Functions
  • The Human Skeleton: Axial Skeleton  
  • The Human Skeleton: Appendicular Skeleton  
  • Disorders of Muscular and Skeletal System  
    • Disorders of Muscular and Skeletal System -
    1. Myasthenia gravis
    2. Tetany
    3. Muscular dystrophy
    4. Arthritis
    5. Osteoporosis
    6. Gout
18 Neural Control and Coordination
  • Coordination and Integration in the Human Body  
  • Neural System  
  • Human Neural System  
  • Neuron: Structural & Functional Unit  
  • Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse  
  • Transmission of Impulses  
  • Central Neural System  
19 Chemical Coordination and Integration

2: Class 12

Medical Entrance Exam Biology Syllabus
🞽 Unit-6: Reproduction
20 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
21 Human Reproduction
22 Reproductive Health
23 Reproduction in Organisms
🞽 Unit-7: Genetics and Evolution
23 Principles of Inheritance and Variation
24 Molecular Basis of Inheritance
25 Evolution
🞽 Unit-8: Biology and Human Welfare
26 Human Health and Diseases
27 Microbes in Human Welfare
🞽 Unit-9: Biotechnology and its Applications
28 Biotechnology - Principles and Processes
29 Biotechnology and Its Application
🞽 Unit-10: Ecology and Environment
30 Organisms and Populations
31 Ecosystem
31 Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
32 Biodiversity and Conservation
38 Environmental Issues
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