Topics
Living World
Systematics of Living Organisms
- Systematics of Living Organisms (Introduction)
- Systematics of Living Organisms (Introduction)
- Concept of Systematics
- Concept of Systematics
- Classification of Taxonomy
- Classification of Taxonomy
- Three Domains of Life
- Three Domains of Life
- Chemotaxonomy
- Chemotaxonomy
- Numerical Taxonomy
- Numerical Taxonomy
- Cladogram
- Cladogram
- Phylogeny
- Phylogeny
- DNA Barcoding
- DNA Barcoding
- Taxonomic Hierarchy of Living Organisms: Unit of Classification
- Taxonomic Hierarchy of Living Organisms: Unit of Classification
- Taxonomic Hierarchy
- Taxonomic Hierarchy
- Units of Classification
- Units of Classification
- Binomial Nomenclature
- Binomial Nomenclature
- Salient Features of Five Kingdoms
- Salient Features of Five Kingdoms
- Acellular Organisms
- Acellular Organisms
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia
Cell Structure and Organization
Biomolecules
- Biomolecules in Living System
- Biomolecules in the Cell
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acids
- Enzymes
- Nature of Enzyme Action
- Nomenclature of Enzymes
- Classification of Enzymes
- Mechanism of Enzyme Action
- Enzyme - Substrate Interactions
- Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
- Metabolism
- Metabolic Pool
- Secondary metabolites (SMs)
Cell Division
Plant Tissues and Anatomy
Morphology of Flowering Plants
Animal Tissue
Study of Animal Type : Cockroach
Photosynthesis
- Introduction of Photosynthesis
- Chloroplasts
- Nature of Light
- Mechanism of Photosynthesis
- Light Dependent Reaction (Hill Reaction \ Light Reaction)
- Photophosphorylation
- Light Independent Reactions (Dark Reaction \ Biosynthetic Phase)
- Photorespiration
- C4 Pathway Or Hatch-slack Pathway
- Cam - Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
- Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
Respiration and Energy Transfer
- Formation of ATP
- Respiration
- Types of Respiration: Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
- Phases of Respiration: Glycolysis
- Phases of Respiration: Pyruvate Oxidation (Link Reaction)
- Phases of Respiration: Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Phases of Respiration: Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle Or Kreb’s Cycle)
- Phases of Respiration: Electron Transport Chain (Electron Transfer System)
- Phases of Respiration: Fermentation
- Respiratory Balance Sheet
- Amphibolic Pathways
- Utility of Stepwise Oxidation
- Respiratory Quotient (R.Q.)
Human Nutrition
- Nutrients and Nutrition
- Component of Food
- Human Digestive System
- The Mouth and Buccal Cavity
- The Salivary Glands
- The Teeth and Its Structure
- Tongue
- The Food Pipe/Oesophagus
- The Stomach
- The Small Intestine
- Pancreas
- The Large Intestine
- Liver
- Physiology of Digestion
- Absorption of Food
- Assimilation of Food
- Egestion of Food
- Nutritional and Digestive Tract Disorders
Excretion and Osmoregulation
- Excretion: Substances to Be Eliminated
- Modes of Excretion: Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, and Uricotelism
- Human Excretory System
- Kidney and Its Internal Structure
- Kidney Tubule (Nephrons)
- Function of the Kidney - “Production of Urine”
- Concentration of Urine
- Composition of Urine
- Accessory Excretory Organs
- Common Disorders of the Urinary System
Skeleton and Movement
description
- Muscle Tissue
- Types of muscles
1) Skeletal muscles
2) Smooth or Non-striated muscles,
3) Cardiac Muscles
notes
Muscular Tissue
These tissues are composed of long, tube-shaped fibres, which are structured in parallel arrays and are mainly composed of numerous fine fibrils, called myofibrils. Muscular tissues play a vital role in contraction, relaxation and other bodily movements. There are three different types of muscular tissues: skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles.
striated muscle
smooth muscle
Cardiac Muscles
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These are special kinds of involuntary muscles.
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The muscles of the heart are called Cardiac Muscles they perform rhythmic contraction and relaxation throughout our life.
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They are cylindrical in shape, they have branches and there is a single nucleus.
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Cardiac muscle consists of individual heart muscle cells connected by intercalated discs to work as a single functional organ
notes
Muscular Tissue:
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Elongated cells
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This tissue is responsible for movement in our body.
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Contain special proteins called contractile proteins for movement
1) Skeletal muscles:
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They are called Striated muscles since these muscles show alternate light and dark bands or striations.
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The cells of this tissue are long, cylindrical, unbranched, and multinucleate.
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They are voluntary muscles(controlled on will)
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Present in the limbs.
2) Smooth muscles
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Unstriated muscles since they does not show the presence of dark and light bands.
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The cells are long with pointed ends (spindle-shaped) and uninucleate.
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They are involuntary muscles(not on our will)
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Present in the alimentary canal, iris of the eye, in ureters, and in the bronchi of the lungs.
3) Cardiac Muscles
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Show rhythmic contraction and relaxation throughout life.
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Heart muscle cells are cylindrical, branched, and uninucleate.
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They are involuntary muscles.
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Present in the heart.