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Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

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Estimated time: 3 minutes
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12

Key Points: Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

  • Increasing substrate concentration raises enzyme activity only up to a maximum, after which the rate levels off because all active sites become saturated.
  • Increasing enzyme concentration generally increases the reaction rate, as more active sites are available for substrate binding.
  • Enzyme activity is highest at an optimum temperature; high temperatures denature enzymes (destroy higher‑level structure), while low temperatures reduce their activity.
  • Each enzyme has its own optimum pH range; outside this range, activity falls sharply and the enzyme may not function.
  • Co‑enzymes, activators and inhibitors also affect enzyme activity: activators (often inorganic ions) enhance activity, inhibitors decrease it, and many enzymes function as a combination of apoenzyme plus co‑enzyme.

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