Types and Effects of Psychoactive Drugs - Addiction and Dependence

• Drugs are frequently used repeatedly because of perceived benefits (euphoria, temporary well-being)
• Addiction is a psychological attachment to the effects of drugs and alcohol

These perceived effects make a person take the substance:

• Even when not needed
• Even when the use is self-destructive

With repeated use, the tolerance level of the receptors in the body increases

• The receptors then respond only to higher doses → leading to greater intake
• This creates a vicious circle of regular abuse
• Even a single first use of a substance can be the forerunner to addiction, particularly in the absence of proper guidance or counselling

Dependence is the body's tendency to show a characteristic and unpleasant withdrawal syndrome when regular drug or alcohol use is abruptly discontinued.

Withdrawal Symptoms include:

• Anxiety
• Shakiness/trembling
• Nausea
• Sweating
• Withdrawal symptoms are relieved as soon as the substance is resumed, which reinforces continued use
• In some cases, withdrawal reactions can be severe and life-threatening
• Dependence may cause a person to ignore social norms in order to obtain money for drugs, leading to serious social adjustment problems

• Addiction is a psychological attachment to drug-induced effects like euphoria and well-being, driving users to continue despite harmful consequences.
• Repeated exposure increases the tolerance of body receptors, necessitating higher doses to achieve the same effect.
• Even a single use of these substances can act as a forerunner to a persistent cycle of abuse.
• Dependence occurs when the body manifests an unpleasant withdrawal syndrome - including anxiety, nausea, shakiness, and sweating - upon the abrupt discontinuation of regular use.
• Severe dependence may cause individuals to disregard social norms to secure funds for their needs, leading to significant social and adjustment problems.