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Human Endocrine Glands and Harmones - Adrenal Gland (Suprarenal Gland)

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Estimated time: 3 minutes

Key Points: Adrenal Glands

CBSE: Class 12
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
CISCE: Class 10

Key Points: Adrenal Glands

The adrenal glands are located above each kidney and consist of two parts: the medulla (inner) and the cortex (outer).
The adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline, the "emergency hormone," which increases heartbeat, blood pressure, and blood glucose during stress.
The adrenal cortex produces cortisone, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and sex corticoids, which regulate metabolism, stress response, and salt-water balance.
Hyposecretion of cortisone causes Addison’s disease, while hypersecretion causes Cushing’s syndrome.
Hormonal imbalance from adrenal cortex overgrowth can cause adrenal virilism in women (male traits) and feminization in men (e.g., breast enlargement).

State the Location

Adrenal

Correct the following statement by replacing the term underlined.

Tetraiodothyronine is an emergency hormone.

Name and describe hormones secreted by ovaries.

Name the following:

Two types of cortical hormones.

Given below is the outline of the human body showing the important glands :

(i) Name the glands marked 1 to 4.
(ii) Name the hormone secreted by part 2. Give one important function of this hormone.
(iii) Name the endocrine part of the numbered 3.
(iv) Why is the part labelled I called the master gland? Which part of the forebrain controls the gland labelled I?
(v) Name the gland that secretes the ‘emergency hormone’.

Write the exact location of the following glands:

Adrenal

Match the items given in Column A with the most appropriate ones in Column B and rewrite the correct matching pairs

	Column A		Column B
1	Cretinism	a	Hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex
2	Diabetes insipidus	b	Hyposecretion of Thyroxine
3	Exophthalmic Goitre	c	Hyposecretion of growth hormone
4	Adrenal virilism	d	Hyposecretion of Vasopressin
5	Dwarfism	e	Hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex
		f	Hypersecretion of Growth hormone
		g	Hypersecretion of thyroxine