मराठी
CISCEISC (Science) ISC Class 12
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पाठ्यपुस्तक उत्तरे१०१६५
महत्वाचे प्रश्न आणि उत्तरे६१५१
संकल्पना स्पष्टीकरण आणि व्हिडिओ६७५
टाइम टेबल१६
अभ्यासक्रम

Types and Effects of Psychoactive Drugs

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Estimated time: 9 minutes
CBSE: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12

Psychoactive Drugs

Psychoactive drugs are chemical substances that act on the central nervous system (CNS) and produce changes in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, and behaviour.

Classification and Effects:

Psychoactive drugs are classified into the following types based on their action on the CNS and their effects on the body:

1. Hypnotics:

  • Action: Induce artificial but normal sleep.
  • Effect on Body: Causes sleep without major disturbance of consciousness.
  • Examples: Phenobarbitone, Diazepam

2. Sedatives:

  • Action: Produce a calming effect and reduce mental activity.
  • Effect on Body: Bring physical and mental relaxation; may suppress consciousness.
  • Examples: Phenobarbitone, Diazepam

3. Narcotics:

  • Action: Depress the CNS and cause sleepiness.
  • Effect on Body: Can produce stupor, coma, addiction, and physical degeneration.
  • Examples: Opium, Morphine, Heroin

4. Tranquilisers:

  • Action: Relieve anxiety and tension without inducing sleep.
  • Effect on Body: Maintain consciousness while producing a calming effect on the mental state.
  • Examples: Diazepam, Lorazepam, Alprazolam

5. Stimulants:

  • Action: Stimulate the nervous system.
  • Effect on Body: Increase excitement, alertness, and self-confidence.
  • Examples: Amphetamines, Cocaine

6. Hallucinogens:

  • Action: Causes hallucinations and distortion of perception.
  • Effect on Body: Alter personality, and the sense of time and reality.
  • Examples: Cannabis, Mescaline, LSD
CBSE: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12

Key Points: Types and Effects of Psychoactive Drugs

Type of Drug Action Effect on Body Examples
Hypnotics Drugs that induce artificial but normal sleep Cause sleep without major disturbance of consciousness Phenobarbitone, Diazepam
Sedatives Drugs that produce a calming effect and reduce mental activity Bring physical and mental relaxation, may suppress consciousness Cocaine, Opium
Narcotics Drugs that depress the central nervous system and cause sleepiness Produce stupor, coma, addiction and physical degeneration Opium, Morphine, Heroin
Tranquillisers Drugs that relieve anxiety and tension without inducing sleep Maintain consciousness while calming mental state Diazepam, Lorazepam, Alprazolam
Stimulants Drugs that stimulate the nervous system Increase excitement, alertness and self-confidence Amphetamines, Cocaine
Hallucinogens Drugs that cause hallucinations and distortion of perception Alter personality, sense of time and reality Cannabis, Mescaline, LSD

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