Haplodiploid sex determination is a mechanism in which sex is determined by the number of chromosome sets: fertilised diploid (2n) eggs develop into females, and unfertilised haploid (n) eggs develop into males, as seen in honeybees.
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Reproduction in Lower and Higher Plants
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Reproduction in Lower and Higher Animals
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Estimated time: 6 minutes
CBSE: Class 12
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12
Definition: Haplodiploid Sex Determination
CBSE: Class 12
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12
Mechanism
Sex determination in the honeybee
Step 1: Queen Lays the Egg
The queen bee (2n = 32 chromosomes) lays eggs in honeycomb cells. She can control whether each egg is fertilised or not by releasing or withholding stored sperm from her spermatheca.
Step 2: Fertilised Egg → Female (Diploid)
- Queen releases sperm → egg is fertilised → diploid zygote (2n = 32)
- 16 chromosomes from queen's egg + 16 chromosomes from drone's sperm
- This fertilised egg develops into a female bee (Queen or Worker)
Step 3: Unfertilised Egg → Male (Haploid)
- Queen withholds sperm → egg is NOT fertilised → haploid individual (n = 16)
- This process is called 'parthenogenesis'.
- The unfertilised egg develops into a drone (male bee)
Step 4: Gamete Production
- Females (diploid, 2n = 32) produce eggs by meiosis → eggs carry 16 chromosomes
- Males (haploid, n = 16) produce sperm by mitosis → sperm carry 16 chromosomes
CBSE: Class 12
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12
Key Points: Sex Determination in Honey Bees
- Type of system: Honey bees show haplodiploid sex determination, where sex depends on the number of chromosome sets.
- Chromosome number: Females are diploid (2n = 32), and males are haploid (n = 16).
- Formation of gametes: The female produces haploid eggs by meiosis, while the male produces sperm by mitosis.
- Fertilisation: Fertilised eggs develop into diploid females (queen or worker), while unfertilised eggs develop into haploid males (drones) by parthenogenesis.
- Caste differentiation: Female larvae fed royal jelly develop into queens, while others develop into worker bees.
