Diseases Caused by Viruses > Common Cold

The common cold is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract. It is also referred to as nasopharyngitis or acute coryza.

Causative Agent:

• It is mainly caused by rhinoviruses.
• Coronaviruses are also mentioned among the causative viruses.

Site of Infection:

• It affects the nose and respiratory passages.
• The lungs are not affected.

Nature:

• It is highly contagious.
• It commonly occurs in winter.

Symptoms:

• Runny nose.
• Nasal congestion.
• Sore throat.
• Hoarseness.
• Cough.
• Headache.
• Tiredness.
• The illness usually lasts for 3 to 7 days.

Transmission:

• It spreads through droplets released during coughing and sneezing.
• It also spreads through contaminated objects.
• Such objects include pens, books, doorknobs, cups, and computer keyboards.

Treatment:

• Treatment is mainly supportive.
• Rest is advised.
• Plenty of fluids should be taken.
• Painkillers may be used for relief.
• Steam inhalation may help reduce congestion.
• Extra sleep is beneficial.

Prevention:

• Maintain personal hygiene.
• Maintain public hygiene.