Diseases Caused by Protozoa > Amoebiasis (Amoeboic dysentery)

Amoebiasis, also called amoebic dysentery, is a protozoan disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica. The parasite mainly infects the large intestine.

Transmission:

• It spreads through contaminated food and water.
• Infection occurs by the faeco-oral route.
• Houseflies act as mechanical carriers and help in transmission.

Symptoms:

• Common symptoms include diarrhoea, abdominal pain, abdominal cramps, and constipation.
• Blood and mucus may be present in the stool.
• Flatulence may also occur.
• In more severe cases, the liver may be affected, causing hepatomegaly or liver abscess.
• Fever and weight loss may be seen in such cases.

Diagnosis:

• Diagnosis is done by microscopic examination of stool.

Treatment:

• It is treated with antiamoebic drugs.
• Commonly used drugs include metronidazole and tinidazole.
• In severe liver involvement, aspiration may be required.

Prevention:

• Maintain personal hygiene.
• Drink safe water such as boiled, filtered, or chlorinated water.
• Eat clean and properly covered food.
• Ensure proper sanitation and sewage disposal.

Entamoeba histolytica Life Cycle Stages

Life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica