Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) or Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) - Genital Herps

Genital herpes is a viral sexually transmitted infection of the genital region.

It is caused mainly by Herpes simplex virus‑2 (HSV‑2); sometimes by HSV‑1.

Transmission:

• Spread by sexual skin‑to‑skin contact and infected body fluids (genital or oral sex).
• Can transmit even when there are no visible sores (asymptomatic shedding).

Key symptoms:

• Painful blisters on or around genitals, which rupture to form sores.
• Burning/itching or tingling in genital area; sometimes difficulty passing urine.
• Fever, flu‑like symptoms and swollen lymph nodes may occur.
• Recurrent outbreaks because virus stays latent and reactivates.

Diagnosis:

• Clinical examination of genital lesions by a doctor.
• Confirmed by laboratory tests for HSV (swab, blood or PCR as per clinical practice).

Prevention:

• Safe sexual practices; consistent condom use to reduce risk.
• Avoid sexual contact during active outbreaks and if symptoms appear.
• Timely medical consultation and counselling for infected persons and partners.

Treatment and prognosis:

• No permanent cure; infection is lifelong.
• Antiviral drugs (e.g. acyclovir and related agents) shorten outbreaks and reduce recurrence and transmission.
• Symptomatic care: hygiene, pain relief, loose clothing, stress management.