Mutations

Reproduction in Organisms

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

• Flower - a Fascinating Organ of Angiosperms
• Pre-fertilisation in Flowering Plant: Structures and Events
• Structure and Development of Anther
• Microsporogenesis
• Structure and Development of Male Gametophyte
• Pollen Products
• Structure and Development of Ovule
• Megasporogenesis
• Development of Female Gametophyte or Embryo Sac
• Pollination
• Autogamy
• Geitonogamy
• Xenogamy
• Agents of Pollination
• Anemophily
• Hydrophily
• Animal-Mediated Pollination (Zoophily)
• Outbreeding Devices
• Pollen Pistil Interaction
• Artificial Hybridization or Artificial Fertilization
• Double Fertilization and Triple Fusion
• Post-fertilization Events
• Endosperm
• Embryo
• The Seed
• Apomixis
• Polyembryony

Human Reproduction

• Human Reproduction
• Overview of The Male Reproductive System
• Overview of The Female Reproductive System
• Overview of Gametogenesis
• Structure of Sperms
• Oogenesis
• Menstrual Cycle (Ovarian Cycle)
• Major Events of Menstrual Cycle
• Menstrual Hygiene
• Fertilization in Human
• Implantation in Human
• Pregnancy and Embryonic Development
• Parturition (Birth) in Human
• Lactation in Human

Reproductive Health

• Concept of Reproductive Health
• Population Explosion and Birth Control
• Methods of Birth Control and Contraceptive Devices
• Natural Contraceptive Methods
• Artificial Contraceptive Methods
• Induced Abortion or Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) or Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI)
• Infertility
• Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)
• Amniocentesis
• Genetic Counselling

Principles of Inheritance and Variation

• Heredity and Variation
• Gregor Johann Mendel – Father of Genetics
• Mendel's Experiments on Inheritance
• Monohybrid Cross
• Punnett Square
• Back Cross and Test Cross
• Mendel's Laws > The Law of Dominance
• Mendel's Laws > The Law of Segregation (Law of Purity of Gametes)
• Exceptions to Mendel's Principles > Incomplete Dominance
• Exceptions to Mendel's Principles > Co-Dominance
• Dihybrid Cross
• Mendel's Laws > The Law of Independent Assortment
• Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
• Linkage and Recombination
• Polygenic Inheritance
• Exceptions to Mendel's Principles > Pleiotropy
• Sex Determination
• Sex Determination in Humans
• Sex Determination in Honey Bees
• Mutations
• Pedigree Analysis
• Mendelian Disorders in Humans
• Chromosomal Disorders or Abnormalities

Environmental Issues

• Environmental Issues
• Controlling Vehicular Air Pollution: a Case Study of Delhi
• Effects of Domestic Sewage and Industrial Effluents on Water
• Solid Wastes
• Radioactive Wastes
• Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change
• Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere
• Degradation by Improper Resource Utilisation and Maintenance
• Radioactive Waste Management and E-waste
• Environmental Issues

Molecular Basis of Inheritance

• Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
• Structure of Polynucleotide Chain
• Packaging of DNA Helix
• Search for Genetic Material
• Griffith’s Experiment
• Avery, McCarty and MacLeod’s Experiment
• The Hershey-Chase Experiment
• Properties of Genetic Material
• The RNA World
• DNA Replication
• Conservative Replication
• Dispersive Replication
• Semi-Conservative Replication
• Meselson and Stahl’s Experiment
• Enzymes used in DNA Replication
• Mechanism of DNA Replication
• Central Dogma
• Reverse Transcription (Teminism)
• Transcription
• Transcription Unit and the Gene
• Process of Transcription in Bacteria
• Process of Transcription in Eukaryotes
• Genetic Code
• Characterestic of the Genetic Code
• Mutations and Genetic Code
• tRNA – the Adapter Molecule
• Translation
• Regulation of Gene Expression
• The Lac Operon
• Human Genome Project
• DNA Fingerprinting

Evolution

• Origin of Life on Earth
• Evolution of Life Forms - a Theory
• Evidences Supporting the Theory of Evolution
• Adaptive Radiation
• Biological Evolution
• Theories and Mechanism of Evolution
• Hardy Weinberg’s Principle
• Brief Account of Evolution
• Human Evolution
• Overview of Evolution

Human Health and Diseases

• Concept and Determinants of Health
• Modes of Transmission of Diseases through Pathogens
• Diseases Caused by Bacteria > Typhoid
• Diseases Caused by Bacteria > Pneumonia
• Diseases Caused by Viruses > Common Cold
• Diseases Caused by Protozoa > Malaria
• Diseases Caused by Protozoa > Amoebiasis (Amoeboic dysentery)
• Diseases Caused by Helminths > Ascariasis
• Diseases Caused by Helminths > Filariasis (Elephantiasis)
• Diseases Caused by Fungi > Ringworm
• Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases
• Immunity
• Types of Immunity > Innate Immunity
• Types of Immunity > Acquired Immunity
• Active and Passive Immunity
• Vaccination and Immunization
• Allergies
• Autoimmunity
• The Immune System
• Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
• Cancer
• Causes of Cancer
• Symptoms and Diagnosis of Cancer
• Prevention/Treatment of Cancer
• Drugs and Alcohol Abuse
• Addiction and Dependence
• Effects of Drug and Alcohol
• Prevention and Control of Drugs and Alcohol Abuse
• Overview of Human Health and Diseases

Microbes in Human Welfare

• Microorganisms (Microbes) and Microbiology
• Microbes in Household Products
• Microbes in Industrial Products
• Microbes in Sewage Treatment
• Microbes in Production of Biogas
• Microbes as Biocontrol Agents
• Microbes as Biofertilizers
• Overview of Microbes in Human Welfare

Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

• Introduction of Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
• Plant Breeding
• Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production (Questions)

Biotechnology - Principles and Processes

• Biotechnology
• Principles of Biotechnology
• Restriction Enzymes
• Cloning Vectors
• Competent Host (For Transformation with Recombinant DNA)
• Processes of Recombinant DNA Technology
• Overview of Biotechnology - Principles and Processes

Biotechnology and Its Application

• Biotechnology
• Biotechnological Application in Agriculture
• Biotechnological Application in Medicine
• Transgenic Animals
• Ethical Issues
• Overview of Biotechnology and Its Application

Organisms and Populations

• Organisms and Their Environment
• Ecology
• Population Attributes
• Population Growth
• Life History Variation
• Population Interactions
• Negative Interactions > Predation
• Negative Interactions > Competition
• Negative Interactions > Parasitism
• Positive Interactions > Commensalism
• Positive Interactions > Mutualism (Symbiosis)
• Overview of Organisms and Populations

Ecosystem

• Concept of Ecosystem
• Structure and Function of an Ecosystem
• Productivity
• Decomposition
• Energy Flow in Ecosystem
• Ecological Pyramids
• Overview of Ecosystem

Biodiversity and Its Conservation

• Biodiversity
• Species on Earth and Species in India
• Patterns of Biodiversity
• Importance of Species Diversity to the Ecosystem
• Loss of Biodiversity
• Conservation of Biodiversity
• Biodiversity Conservation Methods
• Overview of Biodiversity and Its Conservation