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CISCEISC (Arts) Class 12
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समय सारणी१५
पाठ्यक्रम

Behavioural and Developmental Disorders

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Topics

Estimated time: 10 minutes
  • Introduction
  • Definition: Behavioural Disorders
  • Major Categories
  • Key Points: Behavioural and Developmental Disorders
CISCE: Class 12

Introduction

Behavioural disorders feature repetitive actions uncommon for a child's age group. These behaviours consistently disrupt others and daily activities around the child. The disorders often emerge during childhood or developmental periods, hence the dual name. Neglect of these issues leads to serious long-term consequences in adulthood.

CISCE: Class 12

Definition: Behavioural Disorders

Behavioural disorders refer to a category of mental disorders that are characterized by persistent or repetitive behaviours that are uncommon among children of the same age, inappropriate, and disrupt others and activities around the child.

CISCE: Class 12

Major Categories

DSM Category Major Examples Key Features
Mental Retardation Mild/moderate /severe/profound IQ delays Subaverage intellect, adaptive gaps
Pervasive Developmental Autism (severe social/communication deficits) Repetitive rituals, isolation
Specific Developmental Learning disabilities (reading/math) Specific skill deficits
Disruptive Behavioural ADHD, Conduct Disorder (CD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder Aggression, hyperactivity, defiance
Anxiety Disorders Separation, Avoidant, Over-anxious Excessive fears, withdrawal
Eating Disorders Anorexia, Bulimia, Pica (eating paint/sand) Distorted body image, odd cravings
Gender Identity Disorder Gender confusion, transsexualism Identity distress
Tic Disorders Tourette’s, motor/vocal tics Involuntary movements/sounds
Elimination Disorders Enuresis (bedwetting), Encopresis (soiling) Post-age-5 incontinence
CISCE: Class 12

Key Points: Behavioural and Developmental Disorders

  • Meaning: Behavioural disorders involve persistent, age-inappropriate behaviours that disrupt daily activities and social functioning.
  • Developmental Nature: These disorders begin in childhood or adolescence and may cause serious long-term consequences if neglected.
  • Intellectual & Developmental Disorders: Include mental retardation (low intellectual functioning), autism, and learning disabilities.
  • Behavioural & Emotional Disorders: Include ADHD, conduct disorder, anxiety disorders, and eating disorders.
  • Other Childhood Disorders: Include gender identity disorder, tic disorders (e.g., Tourette’s), and elimination disorders (e.g., enuresis, encopresis).

Test Yourself

Related QuestionsVIEW ALL [27]

Therapist:  “In our last session, you told me that you do not like attending any social gathering.”
Simran: “Yes, I do not like to attend such functions and prefer to be alone.”
Therapist: “Why is it so?"
Simran: “When I was young my uncle made fun of me in front of my cousins. Since then, I shy away from social situation. I am very sensitive to criticism, so I prefer being on my own.”
  1. Identify the disorder displayed by Simran.
  2. Briefly discuss any three cause of the disorder displayed by Simran.

Observe the image given below and answer the question that follow.

Predict any two possible psychological impact that natural disasters can have on the Himalayan community.

Assertion: Some survivors of natural disasters are more prone to anxiety, depression and stress in comparison to other survivors. 

Reason: These survivors feel the intensity of loss more than the other and are likely to develop post traunmatic stress disorder.

Sumit, aged seven years, is often scolded by his teachers as he distracts his classmates. The teachers have to make extra efforts to make him sit in class and pay attention. He disrupts the class by walking around.

  1. Identify the type of disorder displayed by Sumit.
  2. Explain any three symptoms of the disorder identified in subpart (a).

Given below is the conversation between a Patient's wife and the Psychiatrist. The Patient's wife is the informant.

Patient's wife:  “Doctor, I am unable to adjust to my husband's behaviour”.
Psychiatrist: “What changes have you noticed in him lately?”
Patient's wife:  “For the past three weeks, he has been very energetic and over excited. He has been shopping and buying unnecessary things. He behaved differently last month. He was profoundly sad for no known reason and had lost interest in life.”

Psychiatrist:

 “Since when have you been noticing this fluctuation in his behaviour?”
Patient's wife:  "Since the last three months.”
  1. Identify the type of disorder displayed by the informant's husband.
  2. Explain any four causes of this disorder.
  3. Briefly explain Cognitive Behavioural Therapy that the Psychiatrist can use in the treatment of this patient.

“The onset of the disorder was gradual, but even today, I still remember the painful episode in my life. I had completed medical school with great success. It seemed as if my hard work had paid off and my dreams were realised. However, within two weeks thereafter, I was unable to complete my work in a timely fashion. I had trouble concentrating on even the simplest of tasks. I felt intense gloom and felt lonely, even amongst my friends. I was unable to sleep and felt fatigued and worthless all the time. I remained slow, inefficient and disorganised.”
  1. Identify the psychological disorder indicated above.    (1)
  2. Specify any three ways by which Rational Emotive Therapy (RET) can be used to help the patient recover from the psychological disorder.   (3)

A psychological disorder that is characterised by free-floating anxiety is called ______.

Observe the image given below and answer the question that follow.

Enumerate any five ways to promote pro-environmental behaviour among people.

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