Topics
Number System(Consolidating the Sense of Numberness)
Number System
Estimation
Ratio and Proportion
Algebra
Numbers in India and International System (With Comparison)
Geometry
Place Value
Mensuration
Natural Numbers and Whole Numbers (Including Patterns)
Data Handling
Negative Numbers and Integers
Number Line
HCF and LCM
Playing with Numbers
- Simplification of Brackets
- Finding Factors Using Rectangular Arrangements and Division
- Factors and Common Factors
- Multiples and Common Multiples
- Concept of Even and Odd Number
- Tests for Divisibility of Numbers
- Divisibility by 2
- Divisibility by 4
- Divisibility by 8
- Divisibility by 3
- Divisibility by 6
- Divisibility by 9
- Divisibility by 5
- Divisibility by 11
Sets
Ratio
Proportion (Including Word Problems)
Unitary Method
Fractions
- Concept of Fraction
- Types of Fractions
- Concept of Proper and Improper Fractions
- Concept of Mixed Fractions
- Like and Unlike Fraction
- Concept of Equivalent Fractions
- Conversion between Improper and Mixed fraction
- Conversion between Unlike and Like Fractions
- Simplest Form of a Fractions
- Comparing Fractions
- Addition of Fraction
- Subtraction of Fraction
- Multiplication of Fraction
- Division of Fractions
- Using Operator 'Of' with Multiplication and Division
- BODMAS Rule
- Problems Based on Fraction
Decimal Fractions
Percent (Percentage)
Idea of Speed, Distance and Time
Fundamental Concepts
Fundamental Operations (Related to Algebraic Expressions)
Substitution (Including Use of Brackets as Grouping Symbols)
Framing Algebraic Expressions (Including Evaluation)
Simple (Linear) Equations (Including Word Problems)
Fundamental Concepts
Angles (With Their Types)
Properties of Angles and Lines (Including Parallel Lines)
Triangles (Including Types, Properties and Constructions)
Quadrilateral
Polygons
The Circle
Symmetry (Including Constructions on Symmetry)
Recognition of Solids
Perimeter and Area of Plane Figures
Data Handling (Including Pictograph and Bar Graph)
Mean and Median
- Introduction
- The Triangle
- The Rectangle
- The Square
- The Circle
- Key Points Summary
Introduction
A Plane Figure is a closed, two-dimensional shape that exists entirely on a flat surface, like a piece of paper. We classify these figures based on the type of boundary they have: straight lines (Polygons) or a smooth curve.
- A Polygon is any closed plane figure whose boundaries are straight line segments.
The Triangle
A triangle is the simplest polygon, defined by three straight sides and three angles.
| Key Feature | Description | Notation |
| Sides | It is bounded by exactly three straight line segments. | `bar" AB "`, `bar" BC"`, `bar" CA "` |
| Angles | It has three interior angles. | ∠A, ∠B, ∠C |
The Rectangle
A rectangle is a four-sided polygon where all four interior angles are right angles (90°)
.
| Key Feature | Description | Notation |
| Sides | It has four sides. The opposite sides are equal in length and parallel. | `bar" AB "`=`bar" CD"`, `bar" AD "`= `bar" BC "` |
| Angles | All four angles are equal to 90°. | ∠A = ∠B = ∠C = ∠D |
The Square
A square is a special type of rectangle where all four sides are equal in length.
| Key Feature | Description | Notation |
| Sides | It has four sides. All four sides are equal in length. | `bar" AB "`=`bar" BC"`= `bar" CD "`= `bar" DA "` |
| Angles | All four angles are equal to 90°. | ∠A = ∠B = ∠C = ∠D = 90° |
The Circle
A circle is a perfectly round, closed curve where every point on the curve is the same distance from a central point.
| Concept | Definition and Relation |
| Center (P) | The fixed point inside the figure from which all points on the curve are equidistant. |
| Radius (r) | The distance from the centre (P) to any point on the circle. This distance is constant. |
| Rule | The distance from the centre to any point on the circle is always the same: |
Key Points Summary
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Triangle: Three sides and three angles.
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Rectangle: Four 90∘ angles, with opposite sides equal.
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Square: Four 90∘ angles, with all four sides equal.
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Circle: No straight sides, defined by its centre and Radius.
