Frank solutions for Biology Part 2 [English] Class 10 ICSE chapter 4 - Absorption by Roots [Latest edition]

Osmosis involves diffusion of ______.

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An example of a selective permeable membrane is __________

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Plasmolysis will occur when the cell is placed in a __________

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Grapes when placed in a strong sugar solution shrink because of __________

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Cell turgidity is caused by _______________

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If a marine plant is transferred to fresh water, it bursts due to ___________

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Which one is semi-permeable?

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Swelling of wooden doors during rains is caused by ___________

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Meaning of ascent of sap is ____________

Process of ascent of sap in plants occurs by ______.

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Absorption of water from soil takes place by __________

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In ascent of sap water reaches upwards ____________

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The water is translocated upwards from the roots through _____________

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 Wilting of plants occurs when ____________

When placed in tap water, marine fish die because of ______.

A plant cell may burst when :

Deplasmolysis occurs when a plasmolysed cell is placed in ______.

Osmosis takes place when there is ______.

Assertion (A): Absorption of soil water by root is mostly an active process.

Reason (R): Most of the water is absorbed by the plants through osmotic mode that occurs due to concentration gradient and hence does not require metabolic energy.

Assertion (A): Glucose, Na⁺ and amino acids are absorbed actively.

Reason (R): Na⁺, glucose and amino acids move against the concentration gradient and hence require energy.

Assertion (A): Water and minerals are absorbed from roots and are transported upwards to various parts of the plant.

Reason (R): The process by which a substance absorbed from the roots of the plant is moved to the upper part of the plant is known as active transport.

Assertion (A): Plant roots absorb water from soil colloids.

Reason (R): Hygroscopic water is held by soil colloids.

Assertion (A): The driving force for passive absorption is non-metabolic in origin.

Reason (R): The driving force for active absorption is energy derived from metabolic processes.

Assertion (A): Absorption of soil water by root is mostly an active process.

Reason (R): Most of the water is absorbed by the plants through osmotic mode that occurs due to concentration gradient and hence does not require metabolic energy.

Name the following:

The pressure with which the molecules of a substance diffuse.

Name the following:

Two solutions having same concentrations.

Name the following:

The force developing in shoot responsible for most of the absorption of water.

Name the following:

The uptake of mineral ions against concentration gradient.

Name the following:

Tissue concerned with upward conduction of water.

Name the following:

Condition of cell in which the cell contents are shrunken.

Name the following:

The inward movement of solvent molecules through the plasma membrane of the cell.

Name the following:

The process by which raisins swell up when placed in a beaker of water.

Name the following:

Movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

Name the following:

The process by which roots absorb water from the soil.

Name the following:

Unicellular outgrowths from the epidermis of roots.

Arrange and rewrite the terms in the group in the correct order to be in a logical sequence beginning with the term that is underlined:

Xylem, Soil water, Cortical cells, Root hair.

Arrange and rewrite the terms in group in correct order to be in a logical sequence, beginning with the term that is underlined:

Water vapour, Soil water, Leaves, Ascent of Sap.

______ is the process by which molecules distribute themselves evenly within the space they occupу.

______ is the phenomenon of contraction of the cytoplasm from the cell wall.

Loss of water as droplets through leaves of an intact plant is termed ______.

Distinguish between the following:

Filtration and diffusion    

Distinguish between the following:

Turgor pressure and osmotic pressure

Distinguish between the following:

Hypotonic and Hypertonic solutions

Distinguish between Diffusion and Osmosis.

Distinguish between the following:

Flaccid condition and turgid condition    

Distinguish between the following:

Plasmolysis and deplasmolysis

Differentiate between the following
Active transport and Passive transport.

Name the following:

The inward movement of solvent molecules through the plasma membrane of the cell.

Name the following:

Tissue concerned with upward conduction of water.

Name the following:

Condition of cell in which the cell contents are shrunken.

Explain why:

Raisins swell up in water.

Explain why:

We gargle with saline solution in case of throat infection.

Explain why:

Bacteria and fungi do not grow in pickles, jams, jellies and squashes.

Explain why:

The leaves of wilted lettuce, if kept in cold water, become crisp.

Define the following:

Osmosis

Define the following:

Diffusion

Define the following:

Turgor pressure

Define the following:

Hypertonic solution

Define the term:

Plasmolysis

How is root hair adapted for the absorption of water from the soil?

What part is played by the following in the uptake of water into the root hair?

The cell wall

What part is played by The cytoplasm in the uptake of water into the root hair?

What would happen to the root hair of a potted plant if the soil was watered with an extremely concentrated solution of sodium chloride?

Correct the following statement by changing the underlined word.

The cell sap of root hair is hypotonic.

Correct the following statement by changing the underlined word.

Xylem transports starch from the leaves to all parts of the plant body.

Give the appropriate biological or technical term for the following.

Movement of molecules of a substance from their higher concentration to lower concentration when they are in direct contact.

Differentiate between the following on the basis of what is indicated in the bracket.

Hypotonic solution and Hypertonic solution (condition of a plant cell when placed in them).

What is Active transport?

What is “semi permeable membrane”?

Name the semi permeable membrane present in a plant cell.

Mention two adaptations in roots for absorption of water from the soil.

The apparatus arranged alongside signifies an important process.
(i) Name the process.
(ii) Where does this process occur in plants?
(iii) What solution is placed inside the dialysis tubing?
(iv) What happens to the level of the solution in the capillary tube?

1. The figure alongside is a diagram of a root hair. On the diagram, name the parts labelled 1 to 5.
2. What role is played in the uptake of water into the root hair by the parts numbered 1, 2 and 3?
3. What would happen if living cells of a plant were planted first in a strong solution of cane sugar and then in water?

The diagram given below represents a plant cell after being placed in a strong sugar solution. Guidelines 1 to 5 indicate the following:
1. Strong sugar solution
2. Cell wall
3. Protoplasm
4. Large vacuole
5. Nucleus
Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow:
(i) What is the state of the cell shown in the diagram?
(ii) Name the structure which acts as a selectively permeable membrane.
(iii) If the cell had been placed in distilled water instead of strong sugar solution which feature would not have been present?
(iv) If the cell in the diagram possessed chloroplasts where would these be present?
(v) Name any one feature of this plant cell which is not present in animal cells.

The figure shows a diagrammatic representation of the movement of certain substances inside the stem of a certain plant. Write five sentences on whatever you can explain about the processes or the arrangement of structures indicated in the diagram.
Note: - Each sentence must include one or more of the following four words, and each word can be used several times. Xylem, phloem, roots, leaves.

The diagram given below represents the results of an experiment conducted on two freshly taken leafy shoots of a herbaceous plant. The lower ends of the shoots dip in ordinary water.
(i) What is the aim of the experiment?
(ii) Some parts of the stem in both the shoots have been removed. Name the conducting tissue in shoot (a) and in shoot (b) that has been removed.
(iii) What are the results of this experiment?

Three plants (a), (b) and (c) were placed in beakers containing coloured water. The water in each beaker was covered with a layer of oil. The leaves were removed from plant (b), while plant (c) was exposed to strong light.
(i) In which plant, (a), (b) or (c) would the water move up the fastest?
(ii) In which plant (a), (b) or (c), would the water move up slowly?
(iii) Why was the water covered with a layer of oil?
(iv) What is being investigated by this experiment?

The figure given is a diagrammatic representation of a part of the cross section of the root in the root-hair zone. Study the same and then answer the questions that follow:

1. Name the parts indicated by the guidelines 1 to 4.
2. Which is the process that enables the passage of water from the soil into the root hair?
3. Name the pressure that is responsible for the movement of water in the direction indicated by the arrows. Define it.
4. Due to an excess of this pressure, sometimes drops of water are found along the leaf margins of some plants especially in the early mornings.What is the phenomenon called?
5. Draw a well-labelled diagram of the root-hair cell as it would appear if excess of fertiliser is added to the soil close to it.

A candidate in order to study the process of osmosis has taken 3 potato cubes and put them in 3 different beakers containing 3 different solutions. After 24 hours, in the first beaker the potato cube increased in size, in the second beaker the potato cube decreased in size and in the third beaker there was no change in the size of the potato cube. The following diagram shows the result of the same experiment:

(i) Give the technical terms of the solutions used in beakers, 1, 2 and 3.
(ii) In beaker 3, the size of the potato cube remains the same. Explain the reason in brief.
(iii) Write the specific feature of the cell sap of root hairs which helps in absorption of water.
(iv) What is osmosis?
(v) How does a cell wall and a cell membrane differ in their permeability?