JEE Main Chemistry (JEE Main) Syllabus: Check the Latest Syllabus

• Introduction of Atom
• Discovery of Charged Particles and the Structure of an Atom

• Molecule
• Properties of molecule

• Experiment 
• Elements

• Introduction
• Experiment 1
• Experiment 2

• Definition: Mass
• Definition: Weight

• Introduction
• Experiment

• Definition: Atom
• Definition: Molecule
• Definition: Avogadro's Law

• Introduction of Atomic Mass
• Properties of Mass Number
• Determination of Relative Atomic Mass

• Definition: Mole
• Definition: Avogadro's Number

• Definition: Percentage Composition
• Formula: Percentage Composition

• Reactions in solutions

1. Mass percentage
2. Mole fraction
3. Molarity
4. Molality
5. Volume percentage

• Definition: Accuracy
• Definition: Precision
• Definition: Uncertainty
• Activity: Measuring with Uncertainty
• Real-Life Examples

• Definition: Gas Equation
• Definition: Absolute Scale or Klevin Scale

• Definition: Atom
• Definition: Molecule
• Definition: Avogadro's Law

• Introduction
• Definition: Ideal Gas Equation
• Deriving the Ideal Gas Equation
• Formula Combines Gas Law
• Example
• Key Points: Ideal Gas Equation

• Real gases
• Reasons for deviations
• van der Waals equation for real gases
• Effect of pressure
• Compressibility factor (Z)
• Effect of temperature
• Compressibility factor for real gases
• Pressure-Volume isotherms of Carbon dioxide
• Difference between Ideal gas and real gas

• Liquefaction of gases
• Critical constants
  i) Critical temperature
  ii) Critical pressure
  iii) Critical volume
• Isotherms of CO₂

• Three States of Matter
• Comparison of Solids, Liquids, and Gases

• Classification of solids

1. Crystalline solids
2. Amorphous solids

• The distinction between Crystalline and Amorphous Solids
• Isomorphous solids and polymorphous solids

• Unit cell
• Crystal lattice or space lattice
• Two-dimensional lattice and unit cell
• Three-dimensional lattice and unit cell

• Primitive Unit Cells
• Centred Unit Cells
  1) Body-Centred Unit Cells
  2) Face-Centred Unit Cells
  3) End-Centred Unit Cells
• Bravais lattices

• Primitive Cubic Unit Cell
• Body-Centred Cubic Unit Cell
• Face-Centred Cubic Unit Cell

• Packing in solids
• Close Packing in One Dimension
  1) Coordination number
• Close Packing in Two Dimensions
  1) Square close packing in two dimensions
  2) Hexagonal close packing of spheres in two dimensions
• Close Packing in Three Dimensions
• Three-dimensional close-packed structure

• Stage I - Linear packing in one dimension
• Stage II - Planar packing in two dimensions
  1) AAAA type, square close-packed structure
  2) ABAB type, hexagonal close-packed structure
• Stage III - Close packing in three dimensions
  1) AAAA type, simple cubic structure
  2) ABAB type, hexagonal close-packed structure
  3) ABCABC type, cubic close-packed structure

• Number of voids per atom in hcp and ccp structures
• Locating tetrahedral and octahedral voids: locating tetrahedral voids, Locating octahedral voids

• Calculation of density of unit cell

point defects and line defects

• Introduction
• Examples

• Definition: Chemical Bond

• Definition: Ion
• Definition: Cation
• Definition: Anion
• Definition: Electropositive Element
• Definition: Electronegative Element
• Definition: Electrovalent Bond
• Definition: Electrovalent (or Ionic) Compounds
• Definition: Electrovalency

• Bond Parameters
• Bond length
• Bond order
• Bond angle
• Bond enthalpy
• Resonance

• Definition: Covalent Compound
• Definition: Covalent Molecule
• Key Points: The Covalent Bond

• First law of Thermodynamics

• Relation between standard Gibbs energy change and equilibrium constant

• Henry's law

• Equilibrium Constant in Gaseous Systems

• Equilibrium constant for heterogeneous equilibria

• Definition: Acid

• Gibbs energy change and e.m.f. of a cell
• Standard cell potential and equilibrium constant

• Introduction
• Experiment

• Definition: Electroplating

• Definition: Corrosion

• Surface chemistry
• Surface or interface

• Colligative properties
• Tyndall effect
• Colour
• Brownian movement
• Charge on colloidal particles
• Electrophoresis
• Coagulation of lyophilic sols
• Coagulation or precipitation
• Methods to effect coagulation
• Methods to prevent coagulation of colloids (Protection of colloids)

• Colloids in our daily life

1. Natural phenomena
   a) Blue colour of sky and sea
   b) Fog, mist, and rain
   c) Soils
   d) Delta formation
   e) Food articles 
   f) Blood
2. Industrial applications
   a) Electrical precipitation of smoke
   b) Purification of drinking water
   c) Colloidal medicines
   d) Photographic plates
   e) Artificial rain
   f) Rubber industry
   g) Tanning
   h) Miscellaneous

• Electronic Configurations in Periods
• Electronic configuration in groups
• Electronic configuration in the four blocks - s-Block, p-Block, d-Block, f-Block

• Introduction
• Definition: Ionic Compounds
• Table: Electronic Configurations
• Key Points: Electronic Configurations

• Valence or Oxidation States
• Periodicity of Valence or Oxidation States
• Anomalous properties of second period elements

• Diagonal Relationship

• Periodic Trends and Chemical Reactivity

• Definition: Elements
• Definition: Modern Periodic Table
• Key Points: Modern Periodic Table

• Definition: Minerals
• Definition: Ores
• Key Points: Occurrence of Metals

• Definition: Concentration of Ores
• Key Points: Concentration of Ores

• Pulverization
• Concentration of an ore
• Types of separation or concentration of an ore

1. Hydraulic (gravity separation) method or Levigation method
2. Magnetic separation method
3. Froth floatation
4. Chemical method or Leaching
5. Wilfley table method

• Conversion to oxide

1. Calcination
2. Roasting

• Reduction of oxide to the metal

1. Pyrometallurgy
2. Hydrometallurgy
3. Electrometallurgy

• Ellingham diagrams
• Significance of Ellingham diagram
• Limitations of Ellingham diagram
• Selection of reducing agent

• Extraction of iron from its oxides,
• Extraction of copper from cuprous oxide [copper(I) oxide]
• Extraction of zinc from zinc oxide

• Aluminium - Hall-Heroult process
• Copper from Low Grade Ores and Scraps

• Principles and methods of extraction - Refining

1. Distillation
2. Liquation 
3. Electrolytic refining (electrolytic method)
4. Zone refining
5. Vapour phase refining
6. Chromatographic methods

• Hydrogen
• Position of hydrogen in the periodic table

• Occurrence of dihydrogen
• Isotopes of Hydrogen
• Physical constants of H₂, D₂, and T₂

• Preparation of Dihydrogen

• By the action of water with metals
• By the action of water on alkali and alkaline earth metal hydrides
• By the reaction of metals like Zn, Sn, and Al with alkalies (NaOH or KOH)
• By the action of metals with acids
• By the electrolysis of acidified water
• Laboratory method
• Preparation of pure hydrogen
• Commercial Production of Dihydrogen
  1) From hydrocarbon or coal
  2) Bosch process
  3) Lane's process
  4) By electrolysis of water

• Physical Properties
• Physical constants of atomic and molecular properties
• Chemical Properties

1. Reaction with metals
2. Reaction with non-metals
3. Reaction with metal ions and metal oxides
4. Reaction with organic compounds

• Uses of Dihydrogen

• Hydrides
• Classification of hydrides

1. Saline or ionic hydrides
2. Molecular or covalent hydrides
   a. Electron-rich molecular hydrides
   b. Electron-precise molecular hydrides
   c. Electron-deficient molecular hydrides
3. Metallic or non-stoichiometric (or interstitial) hydrides

• Physical Properties of Water:

1. Nature
2. Boiling point
3. The freezing point of water or melting point of ice
4. Density
5. Anomalous expansion of water
6. Latent heat of fusion of ice
7. Latent heat of vaporization of water
8. Specific heat capacity

• Chemical properties

1. Dissociation of water
2. Amphoteric nature
3. Oxidising and reducing nature
4. Hydrolytic reactions
5. Formation of hydrates with metal salts

• Soft and Hard water
• Types of Hard water

1. Temporary Hardness
2. Permanent Hardness

• Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)
• Preparation of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)

1. Merck's. process (Laboratory method)
2. By the action of sulphuric acid or phosphoric acid on hydrated barium peroxide BaO₂.8H₂O
3. Industrial method
4. By redox process

• Preparation of Deuterium

• Electrolysis of heavy water

• Preparation of Tritium

• Chemical properties of H₂O₂

1. Decomposition
2. Oxidizing and reducing nature
3. Oxidizing character
4. Reducing character
5. Bleaching action
6. Storage of H₂O₂

• Heavy water (D₂O)
• Preparation
• Properties of heavy water
• Reactions
• Uses of heavy water

• Oxides and hydroxides
• Halides
• Salts of Oxo-Acids

• Points of Difference between Lithium and other Alkali Metals
• Anomalous behaviour of lithium
• Lithium differs from other alkali metals
• Diagonal relationship of Li with Mg
• Similarities between Li and Mg

• Sodium Carbonate (Washing Soda), Na₂CO₃ 10H₂O
• Sodium Chloride, NaCl
• Sodium Hydroxide (Caustic Soda), NaOH
• Sodium Hydrogencarbonate (Baking Soda), NaHCO₃

• General characteristics of some compounds of the alkaline earth metals

1. Oxides and Hydroxides
2. Halides - Structure of BeCl₂
3. Salts of Oxoacids

• Carbonates of group 2 elements
• Sulphates of group 2 elements
• Nitrates of group 2 elements

• Anomalous behaviour of beryllium
• Be differs from other alkaline earth metals
• Diagonal Relationship between Beryllium and Aluminium
• Reasons for diagonal relationship
• Similarities between Be and Al

• Calcium oxide or Quick Lime (CaO)
• Uses of lime
• Calcium Hydroxide (Slaked lime), Ca(OH)₂
• Uses of slaked lime
• Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃) or limestone
• Uses of limestone
• Calcium Sulphate (Plaster of Paris), CaSO₄.½ H₂O
• Uses of plaster of Paris
• Uses of cement

• Role of Mg in biological system
• Role of Ca in biological system

• General introduction of p-block elements
• Electronic configuration of p-block elements
• General characteristics of p-block elements

1. Oxidation states
2. Metallic and nonmetallic character
3. Variation in physical properties
4. Difference in behaviour of first element of each group

• Structure, properties, and uses of some important compounds of Aluminum:
  (1) Aluminum chloride
  (2) Alums

• The tendency for catenation

• Graphite
• Experiment
• Uses of Graphite

• Fullerene
• Uses of Fullerene

• Crystalline Forms
• Diamond
• Uses of Diamond

• Preparation
• Uses of Grignard reagent 

• Fluoride, Lead, Sulphate, Nitrate, Other metals

• Types of industrial waste

1. Biodegradable wastes
2. Non-biodegradable wastes

• Strategy to control environmental pollution

1. Incineration
2. Digestion
3. Collection and disposal
4. Sewage treatment
5. Other strategies

• Dry Cleaning of Clothes
• Bleaching of Paper
• Synthesis of Chemicals
• ‘Green Solution’ to Clean Turbid Water

• Introduction
• Definition: Sublimation
• Experiment: Sublimation

• Determination of Empirical Formula from Elemental Analysis Data
• Calculation of Molecular Formula from Empirical Formula

• Definition: Organic Compounds
• Key Points: Organic Compounds

• Definition: Nomenclature
• Key Points: Nomenclature of Carbon Compounds

• Definition: Isomers

• Definition: Alkanes

• Definition: Alkenes

• Definition: Isomers

• Definition: Alkynes

• Methods of Preparation of Haloalkanes:

1. From Alcohols
2. From hydrocarbons
   - From alkanes by free radical halogenation
   - From Alkenes - Addition of hydrogen haldies, Addition halogens) 
3. Halogen exchange (Finkelstein reaction, Swarts reaction)

• Methods of Preparation of Haloarenes:

1. From hydrocarbons by electrophilic substitution
2. From amines by Sandmeyer’s reaction

• Alkenes
• Occurrence
• Isomers in alkenes

• Definition: Carboxylic Acid
• Formula: Carboxylic Acid
• Key Points: Carboxylic Acid

• Mechanism of Addition Polymerisation
  1) Free radical mechanism
• Some Important Addition Polymers
  (a) Polythene
  (i) Low density polythene
  (ii) High density polythene
  (b) Polytetrafluoroethene (Teflon)
  (c) Polyacrylonitrile

• Condensation Polymerisation or Step Growth Polymerisation
• Some Important Condensation Polymers
  (a) Polyamides: Nylons
  (i) Nylon 6, 6
  (ii) Nylon 6
  (b) Polyesters
  (c) Phenol - formaldehyde polymer (Bakelite and related polymers)
  (d) Melamine - formaldehyde polymer

• Natural rubber (Vulcanisation of rubber),
• Synthetic rubbers

1. Buna-S rubber
2. Buna-N rubber or nitrile rubber
3. Neoprene rubber

Polypropene, Polystyrene, Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Urea-formaldehyle Resin, Glyptal, Bakelite

• Biomolecules
• Importance of biomolecules

• Classification of Drugs
  (a) On the basis of pharmacological effect
  (b) On the basis of drug action
  (c) On the basis of chemical structure
  (d) On the basis of molecular targets

• Catalytic action of enzymes
• Drug-enzyme interaction

• Tranquilizers
• Analgesics
  (i) Non-narcotic (non-addictive) analgesics
  (ii) Narcotic analgesics

• Artificial Sweetening Agents
• Food Preservatives
• Antioxidants in Food