Topics
Periodic Table, Periodic Properties and Variations of Properties
- The Modern Periodic Table
- Salient Features of the Modern Periodic Table
- Periodicity
- Shells and Valency
- Periodic Properties
- Atomic Size
- Metallic Character
- Non-metallic Character
- Ionisation Potential (Ionisation Energy)
- Electron Affinity
- Electronegativity
- Summary Periodic Properties
- Atomic Number and Mass Number
- Comparison of Alkali Metals and Halogens
Chemical Bonding
- Concept of Chemical Bonding
- Ionic or Electrovalent Bond
- Conditions for the Formation of an Electrovalent (or ionic) Bond
- Structures of Some Electrovalent Compounds
- The Covalent Bond
- Types of Covalent Bonds
- Non-Polar and Polar Covalent Compounds
- Formation of Covalent Bond
- Properties and Comparison of Electrovalent and Covalent Compounds
- Effect of Electricity on Electrovalent and Covalent Compounds
- Coordinate Bond
Acids, Bases and Salts
Acids and Bases
- Basics of Acids, Bases, and Salts
- Acids
- Classification of Acids
- Preparation of Acids
- Properties of Acids > Physical Properties
- Properties of Acids > Chemical Properties
- Uses of Acids
- Bases (Alkalis)
- Classification of Bases (Alkalis)
- Preparation of Bases
- Properties of Bases > Physical Properties
- Properties of Bases > Chemical Properties
- Uses of Bases
- Test for Acidity and Alkalinity
- Importance of pH in Everyday Life
Salts and their Preparations
Properties of Salts
- General Properties of Salts
- Differences Between Drying Agent and Dehydrating Agent
Analytical Chemistry
- Chemical Analysis
- Colours of the Salts and Their Solutions
- Action of Sodium Hydroxide Solution on Certain Metallic Salt Solutions
- Action of Ammonium Hydroxide on Certain Salt Solutions
- Action of Alkalis on Certain Metals
- Action of Alkalis on Metal Oxides
Mole Concept and Stoichiometry
Gay-Lussac's Law and Avogadro's Law
Relative Atomic Mass, Relative Molecular Mass and Mole Concept
Percentage Composition, Empirical and Molecular Formulae
Calculations Based on Chemical Equations
- Chemical Equations
- Problems Based On Reacting Weights
- Problems Based on Mass-Volume Relationship
- Challenging Problems Beyond the Syllabus
Electrolysis
- Electrolysis and Conductivity of Substances
- Metallic Conductors and Electrolytic Conductors
- Strong Electrolytes vs Weak Electrolytes
- Acids, Bases and Salts as Electrolytes
- Anode vs Cathode
- Cations vs Anions
- Oxidation
- Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds > Reduction
- Theory of Electrolytic Dissociation
- Conduction in Compounds
- Characteristics of Electrolysis
- Electrolytic Dissociation
- Ionisation
- Comparison of Ionisation and Dissociation
- Electrochemical Series (Electromotive Series)
- Preferential or Selective Discharge of Ions at Electrodes
- Examples of Electrolysis
- Applications of Electrolysis > Electroplating
- Applications of Electrolysis > Electrolytic Refining of Metals
- Applications of Electrolysis > Electrometallurgy
Metallurgy
Metals - Occurence
- Earth and Elements
- Metals
- Non-Metals
- Occurrence of Metals
- Common Ores of Aluminium, Iron and Zinc
Stages Involved in the Extraction of Metals
Extraction of Aluminium
- Aluminium
- Extraction of Aluminium
- Electrolytic Reduction of Refused Alumina
- Refining of Aluminium
Alloys
- Alloy
- Purpose of Making Alloys
- Reasons for Alloying
- Methods of Making Alloys
- Alloys as Solid Solutions
Study of Compounds A. Hydrogen Chloride
- Hydrogen Chloride
- General Preparation of Hydrogen Chloride Gas
- Recognition and Identification of Gases
- Physical Properties of Hydrogen Chloride Gas
- Chemical Properties of Hydrogen Chloride Gas
- Hydrochloric Acid
- Laboratory Method of Preparation of Hydrochloric Acid
- Properties of Hydrochloric Acid > Physical Properties
- Properties of Hydrochloric Acid > Chemical Properties
- Uses of Hydrochloric Acid
- Tests for Hydrogen Chloride and Hydrochloric Acid
Study of Compounds B. Ammonia
- Ammonia
- Preparation of Ammonia Gas
- Recognition and Identification of Gases
- Preparation of Aqueous Ammonia
- Manufacture of Ammonia (Haber's Process)
- Physical Properties of Ammonia
- Chemical Properties of Ammonia
- Tests for Ammonia Gas and Ammonium Ion
- Uses of Ammonia
Study of Compounds C. Nitric Acid
- Nitric Acid
- Laboratory Preparation of Nitric Acid
- Manufacture of Nitric Acid
- Physical Properties of Nitric Acid
- Chemical Properties of Nitric Acid
- Uses of Nitric Acid
- Tests for Nitric Acid and Nitrates
- Effects of Heat on Nitrates
Study of Compounds D. Sulphuric Acid
- Sulphuric Acid
- Manufacture of Sulphuric Acid
- Physical Properties of Sulphuric Acid
- Chemical Properties of Sulphuric Acid
- Uses of Sulphuric Acid
- Tests for Sulphuric Acid and Sulphates
Organic Chemistry
Organic Compounds
- Organic Chemistry
- Organic Compounds
- Organic Compounds vs Inorganic Compounds
- Carbon: A Versatile Element
- Types of Organic Compounds
- Hydrocarbons
- Cyclic or Closed Chain or Ring Chain Compounds
- Structure of Compounds
- Alkyl Group
- Identification of Functional Groups
- Homologous Series
- Nomenclature
- Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
- Structural Formula from IUPAC Name
- Isomerism
- Types of Structural Isomerism
Hydrocarbons : Alkanes
- Alkanes
- Isomerism in Alkenes
- Occurrence of Methane and Ethane
- Structure of Methane
- Laboratory Preparation of Methane
- Laboratory Preparation of Ethane
- Other Methods of Preparation of Methane and Ethane
- Physical Properties of Methane and Ethane
- Chemical Properties of Methane and Ethane
- Uses of Methane and Ethane
Hydrocarbons: Alkenes
- Alkenes
- Ethene (Ethylene)
- Preparation of Ethene (Ethylene)
- Physical Properties of Alkenes
- Chemical Properties of Alkenes
- Uses of Ethene
Hydrocarbons: Alkynes
- Alkynes
- Ethyne
- Physical Properties of Ethyne
- Chemical Properties of Ethyne
- Uses of Ethyne
- Chemical Tests to distinguish between Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes
Alcohols
Carboxylic Acids
Practical Work
- Recognition and Identification of Gases
- Action of Heat
- Identifying Substances by Colour, Smell, State & Heat Effect
- Distinction between Colourless Solutions of Dilute Acids and Alkalis
- Distinguish between Black Copper Oxide and Black Manganese Dioxide
- Flame Test
- Indicators
Estimated time: 2 minutes
- Definition: Chemical Bond
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
CISCE: Class 10
CISCE: Class 10
Definition: Chemical Bond
A chemical bond may be defined as the force of attraction between any two atoms in a molecule to maintain stability.
or
The phenomenon of union of two or more atoms by redistribution of electrons, so that each atom involved in bonding acquires stable configuration to gain stability or to achieve a state of lower energy is called chemical bonding.
