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CISCE(English Medium) ICSE Class 9
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Gas Laws

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Estimated time: 7 minutes
  • Definition: Gas Equation
  • Definition: Absolute Scale or Klevin Scale
CISCE: Class 10

Definition: Gas Equation

The volume of a given mass of a dry gas varies inversely as the pressure and directly as the absolute temperature.

V ∝ \[\frac {1}{P}\] × T or \[\frac {PV}{T}\] = k (constant)

If volume changes from V1​ to V2​, pressure from P1​ to P2​, and temperature from T1 to T2​, then:

\[\frac {P_1V_1}{T_1}\] = \[\frac {P_2V_2}{T_2}\] = k (constant)

Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
CISCE: Class 10

Definition: Absolute Scale or Kelvin Scale

A temperature scale with absolute zero (zero kelvin) as the starting point is called the absolute scale or the kelvin scale.

Maharashtra State Board: Class 12

Law: Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures

The total pressure of a gaseous mixture equals the sum of the partial pressures of all individual gases.

PTotal = P1 + P2 + P3 +⋯

Partial pressure of a gas: Pi = xi × PTotal​, where xi = mole fraction of gas i

Pressure of pure dry gas: Pdry gas = PTotal − Paq, where Paq​ = aqueous tension (vapour pressure of water)

Maharashtra State Board: Class 12

Law: Graham's Law of Diffusion

Rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.

\[\frac{r_1}{r_2}=\sqrt{\frac{M_2}{M_1}}\]

\[\text{Rate of diffusion}=\frac{\text{Volume of gas diffused}}{\text{Time required for diffusion}}\]

Related QuestionsVIEW ALL [58]

Explain Why?

"When stating the volume of a gas, the pressure and temperature should also be given."

Identify the gas laws from the following diagram.

Diagram Gas laws
______________

Consider a sample of a gas in a cylinder with a movable piston.

Show diagrammatically the changes in the position of the piston, if the temperature is decreased from 400 K to 300 K, and pressure is decreased from 4 bar to 3 bar.

Explain the following observation.

Liquid ammonia bottle is cooled before opening the seal

With the help of the graph answer the following -

At constant temperature, the Graph shows the relationship between pressure and volume. Represent the relation mathematically.

Convert the following pressure value into Pascals.

107000 Nm−2

Identify the gas laws from the following diagram.

Diagram Gas laws
______________

Consider a sample of a gas in a cylinder with a movable piston.

Show diagrammatically the changes in the position of the piston, if pressure is increased from 1.0 bar to 2.0 bar at a constant temperature.

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