Topics
Physical World
Units and Measurements
- The International System of Units (SI)
- Measurement of Length
- Accuracy, Precision and Least Count of Measuring Instruments
- Errors in Measurements>Systematic Errors
- Significant Figures
- Dimensions of Physical Quantities
- Dimensional Formulae and Dimensional Equations
- Dimensional Analysis and Its Applications
- Need for Measurement
- Units of Measurement
- Derived Quantities and Units
- Length, Mass and Time Measurements
- Introduction of Units and Measurements
Physical World and Measurement
Motion in a Straight Line
- Position, Path Length and Displacement
- Average Velocity
- Instantaneous Velocity
- Instantaneous Speed
- Kinematic Equations for Uniformly Accelerated Motion
- Acceleration in Linear Motion
- Elementary Concept of Differentiation and Integration for Describing Motion
- Uniform and Non-uniform Motion
- Uniformly Accelerated Motion
- Position-time, Velocity-time and Acceleration-time Graphs
- Position - Time Graph
- Relations for Uniformly Accelerated Motion (Graphical Treatment)
- Introduction of Motion in One Dimension
- Motion in a Straight Line
Kinematics
Laws of Motion
Motion in a Plane
- Vector Analysis
- Multiplication of Vectors by a Real Number or Scalar
- Vector Operations>Addition and Subtraction of Vectors
- Resolution of Vectors
- Vector Addition – Analytical Method
- Motion in a Plane
- Equations of Motion in a Plane with Constant Acceleration
- Uniform Circular Motion (UCM)
- Vector
- Instantaneous Velocity
- Rectangular Components
- Scalar (Dot) and Vector (Cross) Product of Vectors
- Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions
- Cases of Uniform Velocity
- Cases of Uniform Acceleration Projectile Motion
- Acceleration in Linear Motion
- Angular Velocity
- Introduction of Motion in One Dimension
Work, Energy and Power
Laws of Motion
- Aristotle’s Fallacy
- The Law of Inertia
- Newton's First Law of Motion
- Newton’s Second Law of Motion
- Newton's Third Law of Motion
- Conservation of Momentum
- Equilibrium of a Particle
- Common Forces in Mechanics
- Circular Motion and Its Characteristics
- Solving Problems in Mechanics
- Types of Friction>Kinetic Friction
- Laws of Friction
- Inertia
- Intuitive Concept of Force
- Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion - Centripetal Force
- Examples of Circular Motion (Vehicle on a Level Circular Road, Vehicle on a Banked Road)
- Lubrication - (Laws of Motion)
- Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum and Its Applications
- Types of Friction>Rolling Friction
- Introduction of Motion in One Dimension
Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body
Work, Energy and Power
- Introduction of Work, Energy and Power
- Notions of Work and Kinetic Energy: the Work-energy Theorem
- Mechanical Energy > Kinetic Energy (K)
- Types of Forces>Work Done by a Variable Force
- Concept of Work
- Mechanical Energy > Potential Energy (U)
- Conservation of Mechanical Energy
- Potential Energy of a Spring
- Concept of Power
- Collisions
- Types of Forces>Conservative and Non-Conservative Forces
System of Particles and Rotational Motion
- Motion - Rigid Body
- Centre of Mass>Mathematical Understanding of Centre of Mass
- Motion of Centre of Mass
- Linear Momentum of a System of Particles
- Vector Product of Two Vectors
- Angular Velocity and Its Relation with Linear Velocity
- Torque and Angular Momentum
- Equilibrium of Rigid Body
- Moment of Inertia
- Theorems of Perpendicular and Parallel Axes
- Kinematics of Rotational Motion About a Fixed Axis
- Dynamics of Rotational Motion About a Fixed Axis
- Angular Momentum in Case of Rotation About a Fixed Axis
- Rolling Motion
- Momentum Conservation and Centre of Mass Motion
- Centre of Mass of a Rigid Body
- Centre of Mass of a Uniform Rod
- Rigid Body Rotation
- Equations of Rotational Motion
- Comparison of Linear and Rotational Motions
- Values of Moments of Inertia for Simple Geometrical Objects (No Derivation)
Gravitation
Gravitation
- Kepler’s Laws
- Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation
- The Gravitational Constant
- Acceleration Due to Gravity of the Earth
- Acceleration Due to Gravity Below and Above the Earth's Surface
- Variation in the Acceleration>Variation in Gravity with Altitude
- Expression for Gravitational Potential Energy
- Escape Speed
- Earth Satellites
- Binding Energy of an Orbiting Satellite
- Geostationary and Polar Satellites
- Weightlessness
- Escape Velocity
- Orbital Velocity of a Satellite
Properties of Bulk Matter
Thermodynamics
Mechanical Properties of Solids
Behaviour of Perfect Gases and Kinetic Theory of Gases
Mechanical Properties of Fluids
- Thrust and Pressure
- Pascal’s Law
- Variation of Pressure with Depth
- Atmospheric Pressure and Gauge Pressure
- Hydraulic Machines
- Streamline and Turbulent Flow
- Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation
- Viscous Force or Viscosity
- Reynold's Number
- Surface Tension
- Effect of Gravity on Fluid Pressure
- Terminal Velocity
- Critical Velocity
- Excess of Pressure Across a Curved Surface
- Introduction of Mechanical Properties of Fluids
- Archimedes' Principle
- Stoke's Law
- Equation of Continuity
- Torricelli's Law
Thermal Properties of Matter
- Temperature and Heat
- Measurement of Temperature
- Absolute Zero and Absolute Temperature
- Thermal Expansion
- Specific Heat Capacity
- Calorimetry
- Latent Heat
- Conduction
- Convection
- Radiation
- Newton’s Law of Cooling
- Qualitative Ideas of Black Body Radiation
- Wien's Displacement Law
- Stefan's Law
- Anomalous Expansion of Water
- Liquids and Gases
- Thermal Expansion of Solids
- Green House Effect
Oscillations and Waves
Thermodynamics
- Thermal Equilibrium
- Measurement of Temperature
- Heat, Internal Energy and Work
- First Law of Thermodynamics
- Specific Heat Capacity
- Thermodynamic State Variables and Equation of State
- Thermodynamic Process
- Heat Engine
- Refrigerators and Heat Pumps
- Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Reversible and Irreversible Processes
- Carnot Engine
Kinetic Theory
- Molecular Nature of Matter
- Gases and Its Characteristics
- Equation of State of a Perfect Gas
- Work Done in Compressing a Gas
- Introduction of Kinetic Theory of an Ideal Gas
- Interpretation of Temperature in Kinetic Theory
- Law of Equipartition of Energy
- Specific Heat Capacities - Gases
- Mean Free Path
- Kinetic Theory of Gases - Concept of Pressure
- Assumptions of Kinetic Theory of Gases
- RMS Speed of Gas Molecules
- Degrees of Freedom
- Avogadro's Number
Oscillations
- Periodic and Oscillatory Motion
- Simple Harmonic Motion (S.H.M.)
- Simple Harmonic Motion and Uniform Circular Motion
- Velocity and Acceleration in Simple Harmonic Motion
- Force Law for Simple Harmonic Motion
- Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion
- Some Systems Executing Simple Harmonic Motion
- Damped Simple Harmonic Motion
- Forced Oscillations and Resonance
- Displacement as a Function of Time
- Periodic Functions
- Oscillations - Frequency
- Simple Pendulum
Waves
- Reflection of Transverse and Longitudinal Waves
- Displacement Relation for a Progressive Wave
- The Speed of a Travelling Wave
- Principle of Superposition of Waves
- Introduction of Reflection of Waves
- Standing Waves and Normal Modes
- Beats
- Doppler Effect
- Wave Motion
- Speed of Wave Motion
- Base Physical Quantities and their Units,
- Definitions of SI Base Units,
- Prefixes used in the SI System
The International System Units
The internationally accepted system of units is Système Internationale d’ Unites (French for International System of Units) or SI. It was developed and recommended by the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1971. In earlier times, scientists of different countries were using different systems of units for measurements.
Systems of Units:-
A system of units is the complete set of units, both fundamental and derived, for all kinds of physical quantities. The common system of units which are used in mechanics are given below:
-
CGS System: In this system, the unit of length is centimetre, the unit of mass is gram, and the unit of time is second.
-
FPS System: In this system, the unit of length is foot, the unit of mass is pound, and the unit of time is second.
-
MKS System: In this system, the unit of length is metre, the unit of mass is kilogram, and the unit of time is second.
-
SI System: This system contains seven fundamental units and two supplementary fundamental units.
| Base Quantity | Name | Symbol |
| Length | metre | m |
| Mass | kilogram | kg |
| Time | second | s |
| Electric Current | ampere | A |
| Thermodynamic Temperature | kelvin | K |
| Amount of Substance | mole | mol |
| Luminous intensity | candela | cd |
Maharashtra State Board: Class 7
International System of Units (SI):
The International System of Units (SI) is a standard system used worldwide for measuring different physical quantities. It is also known as the metric system and is based on seven fundamental units. These units help ensure that measurements are consistent and understood everywhere in the world.
| Physical Quantity | SI Unit Name | SI Unit Symbol |
|---|---|---|
| Length | Metre | m |
| Time | Second | s |
| Mass | Kilogram | kg |
Supplementary Fundamental Units
Radian and steradian are two supplementary fundamental units. It measures the plane angle and solid angle, respectively.
Some units retained for general use
| Name | Symbol | Value in SI Unit |
| minute | min | 60 s |
| hour | h | 60 min = 3600 s |
| day | d | 24 h = 86400 s |
| year | y | 365.25 d = 3.156 × 107 s |
| degree | o | 1o = (`pi`/180) rad |
| litre | L | 1 dm3 = 10-3 m3 |
| tonne | t | 103 kg |
| carat | e | 200mg |
| bar | bar | 0.1 MPa = 105 Pa |
| curie | Ci | 3.7 × 1010 s-1 |
| roentgan | R | 2.58 × 10-4 C/kg |
| quintal | q | 100kg |
| barn | b | 100 fm2 = 10-28 m2 |
| are | a | 1 dam2 = 102 m2 |
| hectare | ha | 1 hm2 = 104 m2 |
| standard atmospheric temperature | atm | 101325 Pa = 1.013 105 Pa |
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Related QuestionsVIEW ALL [4]
Match the following prefixes with their multiples:-
| Prefixes | Multiples | |
| (i) | micro | 106 |
| (ii) | deca | 109 |
| (iii) | mega | 10-6 |
| (iv) | giga | 10-15 |
| (v) | femto | 10 |
