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# Viscous Force or Viscosity

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#### notes

Viscosity

• Viscosity is the property of a fluid that resists the force tending to cause the fluid to flow.

• It is analogous to friction in solids.

Example:-

• Consider 2 glasses one filled with water and the other filled with honey.

• Water will flow down the glass very rapidly whereas honey won’t. This is because honey is more viscous than water.

• Therefore in order to make honey flow, we need to apply a greater amount of force. Because honey has the property to resist the motion.

• Viscosity comes into play when there is relative motion between the layers of the fluid. The different layers are not moving at the same pace.

Coefficient of Viscosity

• The coefficient of viscosity is the measure of the degree to which a fluid resists flow under an applied force.
• This means how much resistance does a fluid has to its motion.

The ratio of shearing stress to the strain rate.

It is denoted by ‘η’.

Mathematically

Δt=time , displacement =Δx

Therefore,

"shearing stress" = (Deltax)/l where l=length

"strain rate" =(Deltax)/(lDeltat)

eta="shearing stress"/"strain rate"

("F"/"A")/((Delta"x")/("l"Delta"t"))= ("Fl")/("vA") where (Deltax)/t="v"

Therefore eta=("Fl")/"vA"

Unit: Poiseiulle (Pl)/Pa/Nsm-2

Dimensional Formula: [ML-1T-1]

Stokes Law

• The force that retards a sphere moving through a viscous fluid is directly ∝to the velocity and the radius of the sphere, and the viscosity of the fluid.
• Mathematically:-F =6πηrv where
• Let retarding force F∝v where v =velocity of the sphere
• F ∝ r where r=radius of the sphere
• F∝η where η=coefficient of viscosity
• 6π=constant
• Stokes law is applicable only to laminar flow of liquids.It is not applicable to turbulent law.
• Example:-Falling raindrops
• Consider a single rain drop, when rain drop is falling it is passing through air.
• The air has some viscosity; there will be some force which will try to stop the motion of the rain drop.
• Initially the rain drop accelerates but after some time it falls with constant velocity.
• As the velocity increases the retarding force also increases.
• There will be viscous force Fv and bind force Fbacting in the upward direction.There will also be Fggravitational force acting downwards.
• After some time Fg = Fr (Fv+Fb)
• Net Force is 0. If force is 0 as a result acceleration also becomes 0.

#### description

• Viscosity
• Newton's law of viscosity
• Coefficient of viscosity
• Applications of coefficient of viscosity
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Viscosity and Viscous Force [00:36:24]
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