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Continuous and Discontinuous Functions

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Estimated time: 6 minutes
CBSE: Class 12
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12

Definition: Continuous Function

A function f(x) is said to be continuous at a point x = a, if the following three conditions are satisfied

  1. f is defined at every point on an open interval containing a.
  2. \[\lim_{x\to a}f\left(x\right)\] exists.
  3. \[\lim_{x\to a}f\left(x\right)=f\left(a\right)\].
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12

Definition: Discontinuous Function

A function f(x) is said to be discontinuous at x = a if it is not continuous at x = a, i.e.

  1. \[\lim_{x\to a}f\left(a\right)\] does not exist.
  2. The left-hand limit and the right-hand limit are not equal.
  3. \[\lim_{x\to a}f\left(x\right)\neq f\left(a\right)\].
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12

Definition: Removable Discontinuity

If \[\lim_{x\to a^{-}}f\left(x\right)=\lim_{x\to a^{+}}f\left(x\right)\neq f\left(a\right),\] then f(x) is said to be removable discontinuous.

Maharashtra State Board: Class 12

Definition: Non Removable Discontinuity

If \[\lim_{x\to a^{+}}f\left(x\right)\neq\lim_{x\to a^{-}}f\left(x\right),\] then f(x) is said to be non-removable discontinuous.

CBSE: Class 12

Conditions: For a Function to be Continuous

The Three Conditions: For a function to be continuous at x = c, the following three values must exist and be equal:

  1. Left-Hand Limit (LHL): \[\lim_{x \to c^-} f(x)\]

  2. Right-Hand Limit (RHL): \[\lim_{x \to c^+} f(x)\]

  3. Function Value: f(c)

CBSE: Class 12

Example 1

Examine whether the function \[f(x) = x^2\] is continuous at x = 0.

  • Value at point: \[f(0) = 0^2 = 0\]

  • Limit at point: \[\lim_{x \to 0} x^2 = 0^2 = 0\]

  • Since \[\lim_{x \to 0} f(x) = f(0)\], the function is continuous at x = 0.

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