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Solve using intermediate value theorem: Show that x3 − 5x2 + 3x + 6 = 0 has at least two real root between x = 1 and x = 5

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Question

Solve using intermediate value theorem:

Show that x3 − 5x2 + 3x + 6 = 0 has at least two real root between x = 1 and x = 5

Sum
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Solution

Let f(x) = x3 − 5x2 + 3x + 6 which is a polynomial function and hence continuous on [1, 5]

We factorise f(x) by synthetic division:

2

1 –5  3  6

    2 –6 –6

  1 –3 –3  0

∴ f(x) = (x – 2)(x2 – 3x – 3)

∴ f(1) = (1 – 2)(1 – 3 – 3) = 5 > 0

f(2) = (2 – 2)(4 – 6 – 3) = 0

∴ x = 2 is a root of f(x) = 0

f(3) = (3 – 2)(9 – 9 – 3) = – 3 < 0

f(4) = (4 – 2)(16 – 12 – 3) = 2 > 0

f is continuous on [3, 4]

f(3) < 0, f(4) > 0

∴ by intermediate value theorem for continuous function f(x) = 0 has a root between 3 and 4

∴ there are two roots, x = 2 and a root between x = 3 and x = 4.

∴ f(x) = 0 has at least two root between 1 and 5.

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Chapter 8: Continuity - MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE-8 [Page 178]

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