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Continuous and Discontinuous Functions

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Estimated time: 6 minutes
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12

Definition: Continuous Function

A function f(x) is said to be continuous at a point x = a, if the following three conditions are satisfied

  1. f is defined at every point on an open interval containing a.
  2. \[\lim_{x\to a}f\left(x\right)\] exists.
  3. \[\lim_{x\to a}f\left(x\right)=f\left(a\right)\].
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12

Definition: Discontinuous Function

A function f(x) is said to be discontinuous at x = a if it is not continuous at x = a, i.e.

  1. \[\lim_{x\to a}f\left(a\right)\] does not exist.
  2. The left-hand limit and the right-hand limit are not equal.
  3. \[\lim_{x\to a}f\left(x\right)\neq f\left(a\right)\].
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12

Definition: Removable Discontinuity

If \[\lim_{x\to a^{-}}f\left(x\right)=\lim_{x\to a^{+}}f\left(x\right)\neq f\left(a\right),\] then f(x) is said to be removable discontinuous.

Maharashtra State Board: Class 12

Definition: Non Removable Discontinuity

If \[\lim_{x\to a^{+}}f\left(x\right)\neq\lim_{x\to a^{-}}f\left(x\right),\] then f(x) is said to be non-removable discontinuous.

Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Definition: Equation of Continuity

The principle which states that for a non-viscous liquid in streamline flow passing through a tube of varying cross-section, the product of the area of cross-section and the velocity of flow remains constant at every point is called the Equation of Continuity.

Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Formula: Equation of Continuity

For a non-viscous liquid in streamline flow passing through a tube of varying cross-section:

av = constant

or equivalently:

a ∝ \[\frac {1}{v}\]

where: 

  • a = area of cross-section of the tube
  • v = velocity of flow of the liquid

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