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Karnataka Board PUCPUC Science 2nd PUC Class 12

Atomic Spectra

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Estimated time: 5 minutes
CBSE: Class 12

Definition: Emission Line Spectrum

When an atomic gas or vapour at low pressure is excited, it emits radiation of certain wavelengths. The emitted radiation, when analysed with a spectroscope, shows a series of bright lines on a dark background. This type of spectrum is called an emission line spectrum.

CBSE: Class 12

Definition: Absorption Spectrum

When white light from a source passes through an atomic gas or vapour, the gas absorbs radiation of certain wavelengths. As a result, dark lines appear in the otherwise continuous spectrum. This type of spectrum is called an absorption spectrum.

CBSE: Class 12

Characteristics of Emission and Absorption Spectra

  • It is obtained from an excited atomic gas or vapour at low pressure.
  • It contains radiation of certain wavelengths only.
  • It appears as bright lines on a dark background.
  • The hydrogen spectrum is an example of an emission line spectrum.
  • White light is passed through an atomic gas or vapour.
  • Certain wavelengths are absorbed by the gas.
  • Dark lines appear in the continuous spectrum.

Nature of Spectra

Each element gives its own characteristic line spectrum. Because of this unique pattern, line spectra can be used as fingerprints to identify gases.

  • Every element has a distinct spectral pattern.
  • This pattern helps identify the gas.
CBSE: Class 12

Relation Between Emission and Absorption Spectra

The wavelengths of the dark lines in the absorption spectrum are identical to those of the bright lines in the emission spectrum of the same gas.

Important Conclusion

  • Emission lines and absorption lines correspond to the same wavelengths for a given gas.

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