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Alpha-particle Scattering and Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of Atom

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Estimated time: 2 minutes
CBSE: Class 12

Key Points: Alpha-particle Scattering and Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of Atom

  • Most alpha particles passed through the gold foil without any deflection, proving the atom is mostly empty space.
  • Around 0.14% of incident alpha particles are scattered by more than 1°.
  • Around 1 in 8000 alpha particles are deflected by more than 90°.
  • Large-angle deflections indicated a small, dense, positively charged nucleus at the centre of the atom.
  • The gold foil used had a thickness of 2.1 × 10⁻⁷ m; the alpha particles had an energy of 5.5 MeV.
  • Electrons have negligible mass and do not affect the trajectory of incident alpha particles.
  • This experiment disproved Thomson's plum-pudding model and established the nuclear structure of the atom.

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Atoms part 5 (Rutherford model: Electron orbitals and limitation) [00:12:16]
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