Protein Synthesis

Central dogma is the principle that genetic information flows in one direction in a cell, from DNA to RNA to protein.

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Central Dogma is the process by which genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein, controlling cellular functions and body structure.

Central Dogma is the framework that describes the directional flow of genetic information in a living cell: from DNA → RNA → Protein.​

Proposed by Francis Crick in 1958, the Central Dogma states that genetic information stored in DNA is first transcribed into RNA and then translated into proteins. This is the fundamental principle governing gene expression in all living organisms.​

Flow of Information:

• Protein synthesis is the process by which cells produce proteins, which act as structural components, enzymes, and hormones.
• It involves two main steps: transcription (DNA → RNA) and translation (RNA → protein).
• In transcription, genetic information from DNA is copied into mRNA, where uracil (U) replaces thymine (T).
• Central dogma, proposed by Francis Crick (1958), states that information flows from DNA → RNA → protein.
• In retroviruses, reverse transcription occurs (RNA → DNA), explained by Temin and Baltimore (1970) using RNA-dependent DNA polymerase.