JEE Main Physics (JEE Main) Syllabus 2026 PDF Download
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JEE Main Physics (JEE Main) Syllabus 2026
The JEE Main Physics (JEE Main) Syllabus for the JEE Main 2026 is available by the National Testing Agency. The JEE Main Physics (JEE Main) Syllabus is available for review from the link below. The JEE Main 2026 Physics (JEE Main) syllabus defines and describes each unit covered on the JEE Main 2026 Physics (JEE Main) exam.
Academic year:
B.E./B.Tech. Physics (JEE Main) Revised Syllabus
Units and Topics
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Syllabus
1 Physics and Measurement [Revision]
- What is Physics?
- What is Physics?
- Two thrusts in physics : Unification and Reductionism
- Scope and Excitement of Physics
- Physics Related to Technology and Society
- Nature of Physical Laws
- How do physical laws come into existence?
- Conservation laws in physics
1. Law of conservation of energy
2. Law of conservation of linear momentum
3. Law of conservation of angular momentum
4. Law of conservation of charge
- Physical Quantities
- Unit and Its Types
- Unit Systems
- Introduction
- Types of Unit System
- Properties of Matter and Their Measurement
- Unit Prefixes
- Measurement of Length
- Length and Its Measurement
- The Parallax Method
- Activity: Understanding Parallax Through Experience
- Measuring Stellar Distances
- Measuring the Size of Celestial Objects
- Measuring Very Small Distances
- Special Units for Large Distances
- Example
- Measurement of Mass
- Introduction
- The Old Kilogram Standard
- The New Kilogram Standard
- Measuring Atoms & Molecules: Atomic Mass Unit (amu)
- Accuracy, Precision and Least Count of Measuring Instruments
- Errors in Measurements>Systematic Errors
- Definition: Errors in Measurements
- Definition: Systematic Errors
- Source: Systematic Errors
- Effects: Systematic Errors
- Significant Figures
- Dimensions of Physical Quantities
- Dimensional Formulae and Dimensional Equations
- Dimensional Analysis and Its Applications
2 Kinematics [Revision]
- Introduction to Kinematics
- Position, Path Length and Displacement
- Position - Frame of reference and Reference point
- Distance (Path length)
- Displacement
- Position - Time Graph
- Speed and Velocity
- Uniform and Non-uniform Motion
- Rectilinear Motion
- Average Speed
- Introduction
- Definition: Average Speed
- Characteristics
- Calculation of Average Speed
- Formula: Average Speed
- Example
- Average Speed
- Uniformly Accelerated Motion
- Graphical Representation of Motion
- Velocity - Time Graphs
- Velocity-time graph for uniform velocity
- Velocity-time graph for uniform acceleration
- Velocity - Time Graphs
- Relations for Uniformly Accelerated Motion (Graphical Treatment)
- Vector Analysis
- Introduction
- Scalars and Vectors
- Scalar vs Vector
- Key Points to Remember
- Vector
- Definition: Vector
- Representation of vector
- Types of Vectors
- Examples of Vector Quantities
- Vector Operations>Addition and Subtraction of Vectors
- Statement
- Vector Addition: Parallel Vectors
- Vector Subtraction: Anti-Parallel Vectors
- Real-Life Applications
- Vector Addition – Analytical Method
- Scalar (Dot) and Vector (Cross) Product of Vectors
- Resolution of Vectors
- Introduction
- Definition: Resolution of the Vector
- Definition: Rectangular Components
- Characteristics
- Vector Resolution in 2D
- 2D vs 3D Rectangular Components
- Example 1
- Example 2
- Motion in a Plane
- Motion in Two Dimensions - Motion in a Plane
- Projectile Motion
- Introduction
- Definition: Projectile Motion
- Key Concepts
- Characteristics
- Trajectory Equation
- Significance
- Example
- Real-Life Examples
- Equations of Motion in a Plane with Constant Acceleration
- Introduction
- Vector Form Equations
- Example
- Real-Life Example
- Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions
- Introduction
- Formula: Velocity of A relative to B
- Formula: Velocity of B relative to A
- Characteristics
- Chaining Relative Velocities
- Significance
- Example
- Real-Life Example
- Projectile Motion
- Uniform Circular Motion (UCM)
- Definition: Uniform Circular Motion
- Uniform and Non-Uniform Circular Motion
- Uniform Circular Motion and Centripetal Force
- Variables in Circular Motion
- Characteristics
- Concepts Related to a Parabola
- Activity
- Experiment
- Definition: Angular Displacement
- Definition: Angular Velocity (ω)
- Definition: Angular Acceleration (α)
- Definition: Radial (Centripetal) Acceleration
- Definition: Centripetal Force
- Key Points: Uniform Circular Motion
3 Laws of Motion [Revision]
- Newton’s Laws of Motion
- Newton's First Law of Motion
- Introduction
- Balanced and Unbalanced Force
- Cause of the change in motion
- Significance
- Formula: Newton's First Law of Motion
- The Coin Experiment
- Key Points: Newton's First Law of Motion
- Law: Newton's First Law of Motion
- Newton's Third Law of Motion
- Introduction
- Characteristics
- Law's Consequence
- Significance
- Formula: Newton's Third Law of Motion
- Examples
- Law: Newton's Third Law of Motion
- Newton's First Law of Motion
- Aristotle’s Fallacy
- Introduction
- Origin
- Definition: Aristotle's Fallacy
- Aristotle Thought
- Galileo's Correction
- Real-Life Examples
- The Law of Inertia
- Conservation of Momentum
- Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum and Its Applications
- Equilibrium of a Particle
- Common Forces in Mechanics
- Types of Friction>Rolling Friction
- Introduction
- Definition: Rolling Friction
- Characteristics
- Comparison of Friction Types
- Advantages of Friction
- Disadvantages of Friction
- Methods of Reducing Friction
- Real-Life Examples
- Circular Motion and Its Characteristics
- Types of Friction>Kinetic Friction
- Introduction
- Definition: Kinetic Friction
- Formula: Kinetic Friction
- Formula: Coefficient of Kinetic Friction
- Characteristics
- Laws of Kinetic Friction
- Coefficient of Kinetic Friction for Different Materials
- Significance
- Laws of Friction
- Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion - Centripetal Force
- Solving Problems in Mechanics
- Motion of Connected Bodies, Pulley and Equilibrium of Forces
- Friction
- Banking of Roads
4 Work, Energy, and Power [Revision]
- Introduction of Work, Energy and Power
- Notions of Work and Kinetic Energy: the Work-energy Theorem
- Mechanical Energy > Kinetic Energy (K)
- Definition: Kinetic Energy
- Formula: Kinetic Energy
- Definition: Translational Motion
- Definition: Translational Kinetic Energy
- Definition: Rotational Motion
- Definition: Rotational Kinetic Motion
- Definition: Vibrational Motion
- Definition: Vibrational Kinetic Energy
- Concept of Work
- Definition: Work
- Key Points: Units of Work
- Types of Forces>Work Done by a Variable Force
- Work Done by Variable Forces: The Power of Integration
- Dividing and Conquering (Integration)
- The Graphical Method: Area Under the Curve
- Example
- Mechanical Energy > Potential Energy (U)
- Definition: Mechanical Energy
- Definition: Potential Energy
- Formula: Gravitational Potential Energy
- Key Points: Potential Energy
- Conservation of Mechanical Energy
- Potential Energy of a Spring
- Forms of Energy > Solar Energy
- Definition: Solar Energy
- Concept of Power
- Definition: Power
- Formula: Power
- Key Points: Power
- Collisions
- Introduction
- Definition: Collision
- Characteristics
- Real-Life Examples
- Concept of Energy
- Definition: Energy
- Key Points: Energy
5 Rotational Motion [Revision]
- Centre of Mass of Two-particle System
- Centre of Mass of a Rigid Body
- Translational and Rotational Motions
- Definition: Transitional Motion
- Definition: Rotational Motion
- Vector and Cartesian Equations of a Line
- Moment of a Force
- Torque and Angular Momentum
- Moment of a Force (Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body)
- Angular Momentum and Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum and Its Applications
- Moment of force (Torque)
- Angular momentum of a particle
- Torque and angular momentum for a system of particles
- conservation of angular momentum
- Moment of Inertia
- Values of Moments of Inertia for Simple Geometrical Objects (No Derivation)
- Theorems of Perpendicular and Parallel Axes
- Rigid Body Rotation
- Equations of Rotational Motion
- Centre of Gravity
- Definition: Centre of Gravity
- Key Points: Centre of Gravity
- Principle of Moments
- Law: Principle of Moments
- Angular Displacement
- Velocity and Acceleration in Simple Harmonic Motion
- Couple and Its Torque
- Introduction
- Definition: Couple
- Rotation Without Translation
- Moment (Torque) of a Couple
- Direction of Torque
- Moment of a Single Force vs Moment of a Couple
- Real-Life Applications
- Rolling Motion
- Rotational K.E.
6 Gravitation [Revision]
- Concept of Gravitation
- Introduction
- Definition: Gravitation
- History/Origin
- Characteristics
- Understanding Gravitation
- Significance
- Real-Life Examples
- Kepler’s Laws
- Introduction
- History/Origin
- Characteristics
- Significance
- Real-Life Examples
- Drawing an Ellipse
- Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation
- Introduction
- History/Origin
- Definition: Universal Law of Gravitation
- Formula: Universal Law of Gravitation
- Law: Universal Law of Gravitation
- Characteristics
- Relationship to the Acceleration of the Moon
- Generalisation to Force
- Force Due to the Collection of Masses
- Special Cases for Extended Objects
- Significance
- Example 1
- Example 2
- Real-Life Examples
- Key Points: Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation
- The Gravitational Constant
- Acceleration Due to Gravity of the Earth
- Acceleration Due to Gravity Below and Above the Earth's Surface
- Variation in the Acceleration>Variation in Gravity with Altitude
- Introduction
- Formula: Gravity with Altitude
- Characteristics
- Derivation
- Example
- Real-Life Examples
- Gravitational Field
- Expression for Gravitational Potential Energy
- Introduction
- Formula: Gravitational Potential Energy
- Derivation
- Example
- Escape Speed
- Earth Satellites
- Introduction
- Definition: Satellite
- Types of Earth Satellites
- Communication Satellites (Geostationary Satellites)
- Polar Satellites
- Significance
- Binding Energy of an Orbiting Satellite
- Introduction
- Definition: Binding Energy of Satellite
- Formula: Binding Energy
- Characteristics
- Derivation
- Real-Life Examples
- Geostationary and Polar Satellites
- Weightlessness
- Gravitational Potential Energy
- Escape Velocity
- Introduction
- Definition: Escape Velocity
- Formula: Escape Velocity
- Derivation
- Escape Velocity
- Orbital Velocity of a Satellite
- Motion of Satellites
7 Properties of Solids and Liquids [Revision]
- Introduction of Properties of Solids and Liquids
- Stress and Strain
- Introduction
- Definition: Stress
- Definition: Strain
- Formula: Stress
- Formula: Strain
- Understanding Elasticity
- Hooke’s Law
- Introduction
- Origin
- Definition: Modulus of Elasticity
- Understanding Hooke's Law
- Significance
- Stress-strain Curve
- Introduction
- Definition: Stress-Strain Curve
- Characteristics
- Understanding Stress-Strain Curve
- Classification of Materials Based on Stress-Strain Behavior
- Elastic Hysteresis
- Elastic Wear and Tear in Rubber Bands
- Elastic Modulus>Young’s Modulus
- Introduction
- History/Origin
- Definition: Young's Modulus
- Formula: Young's Modulus
- Characteristics
- Explanation and Derivation
- Table: Young's modulus of some familiar materials
- Example 1
- Example 2
- Elastic Potential Energy in a Stretched Wire
- Elastic Modulus>Shear Modulus (Modulus of Rigidity)
- Introduction
- Definition: Shear Modulus
- Formula: Modulus of Rigidity
- Characteristics
- Understanding Shear Stress and Shear Strain
- Values of Rigidity Modulus for Common Materials
- Example
- Elastic Modulus>Bulk Modulus
- Introduction
- Definition: Bulk Modulus
- Formula: Bulk Modulus
- Characteristics
- Understanding Volume Strain
- Table: Bulk modulus of some familiar materials
- Example
- Elastic Modulus>Poisson’s Ratio
- Introduction
- Definition: Poisson's Ratio
- Formula: Poisson's Ratio
- Characteristics
- Understanding Linear and Lateral Strain
- Application of Elastic Behaviour of Materials
- Pressure
- Pascal’s Law
- Thrust and Pressure
- Streamline and Turbulent Flow
- Bernoulli's Equation
- Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation
- Torricelli's Law
- Viscous Force or Viscosity
- Stoke's Law
- Surface Tension
- Surface Energy
- Surface Tension and Surface Energy
- Angle of Contact
- Drops and Bubbles
- Capillary Rise
- Detergents and Surface Tension
- Temperature and Heat
- Introduction
- Definition: Heat
- Definition: Temperature
- Formula: Average Kinetic Energy and Temperature
- Formula: Heat Exchange
- Characteristics
- How Heat Affects Matter
- Significance
- Real-Life Examples
- Summary
- Measurement of Temperature
- Definition: Adiabatic Wall
- Definition: Diathermic Wall
- Definition: Thermal Equilibrium
- Definition: Thermometry
- Definition: Ice Point
- Definition: Steam Point / Boiling Point
- Law: Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
- Temperature Scales
- Conversion Formulas
- Thermometers Use the Zeroth Law
- Thermometric Property
- Types of Thermometers
- Characteristics of a Good Thermometer
- Example 1
- Example 2
- Example 3
- Example 4
- Key Points: Measurement of Temperature
- Absolute Zero and Absolute Temperature
- Introduction
- Definition: Absolute Zero
- Definition: Kelvin Scale
- Definition: Triple Point
- Definition: Ideal Gas
- Definition: Universal Gas Constant (R)
- Definition: Extrapolation
- Definition: Kelvin
- Definition: Absolute Temperature
- Conversion Formulas
- Gases Respond to Temperature
- The Discovery of Absolute Zero
- The Kelvin (Absolute) Temperature Scale
- Temperature Scales & Conversion
- Law: Boyle's Law
- Law: Charles' Law
- Law: Gay-Lussac's Law
- The Ideal Gas Equation
- Example 1
- Example 2
- Key Points: Absolute Zero and Absolute Temperature
- Thermal Expansion
- Introduction
- Classification of Expansion
- Definition: Thermal Expansion
- Definition: Coefficient of Linear Expansion (α)
- Definition: Coefficient of Superficial Expansion (β)
- Definition: Coefficient of Cubical Expansion (γ)
- Key Points: Thermal Expansion
- Specific Heat Capacity
- Definition: Specific Heat Capacity
- Formula: Specific Heat Capacity
- Key Points: Specific Heat Capacity
- Calorimetry
- Introduction
- Definition: Calorimetry
- Definition: Calorimeter
- Calorimeter
- Law: Principle of Calorimetry
- Experiment: Method of Mixtures
- Derivation of the Calorimetry Equation
- Example
- Key Points: Calorimetry
- Latent Heat
- Introduction
- Definition: Latent Heat
- Definition: Latent Heat of Fusion
- Definition: Latent Heat of Vaporization
- Formula: Latent Heat
- Experiment
- Reference Data Table
- Example
- Key Points: Latent Heat
- Heat Transfer
- Classification
- Key Points: Heat Transfer
- Conduction
- Definition: Conduction
- Definition: Good Conductors of Heat
- Definition: Bad Conductors of Heat
- Law: Fourier's Law of Heat Conduction
- The Experiment
- Mechanism of Conduction
- Real-Life Example
- Key Points: Conduction
- Convection
- Introduction
- Definition: Convection
- Mechanism of Convection
- Experiment: Convection
- Key Points: Convection
- Environmental Issues
- Radiation
- Definition: Radiation
- Activity: Radiation from a Candle
- A Wonder of Science: Infrared Camera
- Law: Stefan–Boltzmann Law
- Experiment: The Relation Between Density and Convection
- Experiment: Black Surfaces and Heat Absorption
- Experiment: Good and Bad Conductors of Heat
- Key Points: Radiation
- Radiation
- Blackbody Radiation
- Qualitative Ideas of Black Body Radiation
- Perfectly black body
- Ferry's black body
- Spectrum of black body radiation in terms of wavelength
- Wien's Displacement Law
- Green House Effect
- Newton’s Law of Cooling
- Introduction
- Experiment
- Graphical Analysis
- Law: Newton's Law of Cooling
- Mathematical Formulation
- Example
- Key Points: Newton’s Law of Cooling
- Reynold's Number
- Work Done in Stretching a Wire
- Terminal Velocity
- Capillarity and Capillary Action
- Capillary action
- Ascent formula
- Capillary fall
- Capillary rise
- Expression for capillary rise or fall
- Method (I): Using pressure difference
- Method (II): Using forces
- Fluid Flow
- Thermometer and Its Types
- Thermometer and its working
- Types of Thermometers
8 Thermodynamics [Revision]
- Introduction of Chemical Thermodynamics
- Thermal Equilibrium
- Measurement of Temperature
- Definition: Adiabatic Wall
- Definition: Diathermic Wall
- Definition: Thermal Equilibrium
- Definition: Thermometry
- Definition: Ice Point
- Definition: Steam Point / Boiling Point
- Law: Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
- Temperature Scales
- Conversion Formulas
- Thermometers Use the Zeroth Law
- Thermometric Property
- Types of Thermometers
- Characteristics of a Good Thermometer
- Example 1
- Example 2
- Example 3
- Example 4
- Key Points: Measurement of Temperature
- Heat, Internal Energy and Work
- Chemical Thermodynamics and Energetic
- Specific Heat Capacity
- Definition: Specific Heat Capacity
- Formula: Specific Heat Capacity
- Key Points: Specific Heat Capacity
- Thermodynamic State Variables and Equation of State
- Thermodynamic Process
- Isothermal Processes
- Adiabatic Processes
- Heat Engine
- Refrigerators and Heat Pumps
- Spontaneity
- Reversible and Irreversible Processes
- Carnot Engine
9 Kinetic Theory of Gases [Revision]
- Introduction of Kinetic Theory of Gases
- Mean Free Path
- Gases and Its Characteristics
- Kinetic Theory of an Ideal Gas
- Pressure of an Ideal Gas
- Kinetic Interpretation of Temperature
- Law of Equipartition of Energy
- Specific Heat Capacities - Gases
- Equation of State of a Perfect Gas
- Work Done in Compressing a Gas
- Interpretation of Temperature in Kinetic Theory
- Kinetic Theory of Gases - Concept of Pressure
- Assumptions of Kinetic Theory of Gases
- RMS Speed of Gas Molecules
- Speed of gaseous molecules
- Mean speed
- Mean square speed
- Root mean square speed
- Maxwell distribution function
- Degrees of Freedom
- Avogadro's Number
- Gas Laws
- Definition: Gas Equation
- Definition: Absolute Scale or Klevin Scale
- Mechanical Energy > Kinetic Energy (K)
- Definition: Kinetic Energy
- Formula: Kinetic Energy
- Definition: Translational Motion
- Definition: Translational Kinetic Energy
- Definition: Rotational Motion
- Definition: Rotational Kinetic Motion
- Definition: Vibrational Motion
- Definition: Vibrational Kinetic Energy
- Speed of Gas
10 Oscillations and Waves [Revision]
- Introduction of Oscillations
- Periodic and Oscillatory Motion
- Simple Harmonic Motion (S.H.M.)
- Simple Harmonic Motion and Uniform Circular Motion
- Velocity and Acceleration in Simple Harmonic Motion
- Force Law for Simple Harmonic Motion
- Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion
- Some Systems Executing Simple Harmonic Motion
- Damped Simple Harmonic Motion
- Forced Oscillations and Resonance
- Displacement as a Function of Time
- Periodic Functions
- Oscillations - Frequency
- Wave Motion
- Transverse Waves
- Introduction
- Characteristics
- Displacement Relation for a Progressive Wave
- The Speed of a Travelling Wave
- Principle of Superposition of Waves
- Reflection of Waves
- Introduction of Reflection of Waves
- Reflection of waves
- Reflection of a transverse waves from
- Reflection of a longitudinal wave from
- Echo
- Introduction of Reflection of Waves
- Beats
- Doppler Effect
- Interference
11 Electrostatics [Revision]
- Concept of Electrostatics
- Electrical Conduction in Solids
- Introduction
- Conductors
- Insulators
- Semiconductors
- Table
- Concept of Electrical Conductivity
- Classification of Semiconductors
- Charging by Induction
- Electric Field
- Dipole in a Uniform External Field
- Continuous Charge Distribution
- Gauss’s Law
- Uniformly Charged Infinite Plane Sheet and Uniformly Charged Thin Spherical Shell (Field Inside and Outside)
- Electrostatic Potential
- Electric Potential Due to a Point Charge
- Relation Between Electric Field and Electrostatic Potential
- Potential Energy of a System of Charges
- Potential Energy in an External Field
- Potential Energy of a Single Charge
- Potential Energy of a System of Two Charges in an External Field
- Potential Energy of a Dipole in an External Field
- Electrostatics of Conductors
- Capacitors and Capacitance
- The Parallel Plate Capacitor
- Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance
- Work Done in Carrying a Charge
- Grouping of Capacitor
12 Current Electricity [Revision]
- Electric Current and Its Related Concepts
- Drift of Electrons and the Origin of Resistivity
- Ohm's Law
- Limitations of Ohm’s Law
- Temperature Dependence of Resistivity
- Forms of Energy > Electrical Energy
- Definition: Electrical Energy
- Electrical Power
- Definition: Electric Power
- Formula: Electric Power
- Key Points: Electric Power
- Resistance of a System of Resistors
- Resistors in Parallel
- Key Points: Parallel Combination of Resistors
- Resistors in Parallel
- Cells, EMF, and Internal Resistance
- V-I Characteristics (Linear and Non-linear)
- Specific Resistance or Electrical Resistivity
- Definition: Specific Resistance
- Derivation
- Dimensions of Electrical Resistivity ρ
- Electrical Resistivity in Terms of Material's Parameters
- Specific Conductance
- Resistivity of Various Materials
- Cells in Series
- Heating Effect of Electric Current
- Definition: Heating Effect of Electric Current
- Key Points: Heating Effect of Electric Current
- Cells, Thermo e.m.f. Electrolysis
13 Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism [Revision]
- Magnetic force
- Motion in a Magnetic Field
- Motion in Combined Electric and Magnetic Fields
- Lorentz Force Equation
- Velocity Selector
- Cyclotron
- Description
- Construction
- Theory and Working
- Achievement of Resonance Condition
- Limitations
- Kinetic Energy of Particles Accelerated in a Cyclotron
- Biot-Savart Law
- Magnetic Field on the Axis of a Circular Current-Carrying Loop
- Ampere’s Circuital Law
- Toroid
- Solenoid
- Force Between Two Parallel Currents (Ampere’s Law)
- Torque on a Current-Loop in a Uniform Magnetic Field
- Moving Coil Galvanometer
- Force on a Current Carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Field
- Key Points: Force on a Current Carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Field
- Force on a Moving Charge in Uniform Magnetic and Electric Fields
- Current Loop as a Magnetic Dipole
- Bar Magnet and Solenoid Analogy
- Magnetism and Gauss’s Law
- The Earth’s Magnetism
- Introduction
- Magnetic Axis
- Magnetic Equator
- Geographic Meridian
- Magnetic Meridian
- Magnetic Declination
- Magnetic Inclination or Angle of Dip
- Earth’s Magnetic Field
- Special Cases
- Magnetic Maps of the Earth
- Example 1
- Example 2
- Magnetisation and Magnetic Intensity
- Magnetic Properties of Materials
- Permanent Magnet
- Hysteresis: Retentivity and Coercivity
- Force and Torque on Current Carrying Conductor
- Properties of magnetic lines of force
- Magnetic Moment of a Coil
- Properties of Solids: Magnetic Properties
- Magnetic Equipment
14 Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents [Revision]
- Electromagnetic Induction
- The Experiments of Faraday and Henry
- Magnetic Flux
- Faraday's Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
- Lenz’s Law and Conservation of Energy
- Motional Electromotive Force (e.m.f.)
- Energy Consideration: a Quantitative Study
- Eddy Currents or Foucault Currents
- Explanation
- Applications
- Inductance
- A.C. Generator
- AC Voltage Applied to a Resistor
- Representation of AC Current and Voltage by Rotating Vectors - Phasors
- AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor
- AC Voltage Applied to a Capacitor
- AC Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit
- LC Oscillations
- Transformers
- Peak and Rms Value of Alternating Current Or Voltage
- Reactance and Impedance
- Power in AC Circuit
- Motional and Static EMI and Application of EMI
- Voltage and Power
- AC Circuits
- LCR Circuit
- Quality and Power Factor
15 Electromagnetic Waves [Revision]
- Displacement Current
- Concept of Electromagnetic Waves
- Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Applications of e.m. waves
- Transverse Nature of Electromagnetic Waves
16 Optics [Revision]
- Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirrors
- Refraction of Light
- Total Internal Reflection
- Refraction at a Spherical Surface and Lenses
- Refraction at a Spherical Surfaces
- Refraction by a Lens
- Refraction of Light Through a Prism
- Some Natural Phenomena Due to Sunlight
- Mirage
- Causes of Mirage Formation
- Rainbow
- The Facts to be Explained
- Conditions Necessary for Formation of a Rainbow
- Optical Phenomena Involved
- Promary Rainbow
- Secondary Rainbow
- Formation and Visibility of Rainbows
- Optical Instruments
- Simple Microscope or a Reading Glass
- Introduction
- Derivation
- Limiting Cases
- Example
- Compound Microscope
- Introduction
- Derivation
- Remarks
- Example
- Simple Microscope or a Reading Glass
- Huygens Principle
- Reflection and Refraction of Plane Wave at Plane Surface Using Huygens' Principle
- Refraction of a Plane Wave
- Refraction at a Rarer Medium
- Reflection of a Plane Wave by a Plane Surface
- Doppler Effect
- Coherent and Incoherent Addition of Waves
- Interference of Light Waves and Young’s Experiment
- Diffraction of Light
- Resolving Power of Microscope and Astronomical Telescope
- Resolution of images
- Rayleigh's criterion for resolution
- Resolving the power of an optical instrument
- Resolving power of microscope
- Resolving power of telescopes
- Resolving Power of Microscope and Astronomical Telescope
- Fraunhofer Diffraction Due to a Single Slit
- Electric Polarisation of Matter
- Ray Optics - Mirror Formula
- Introduction
- Definition: Object Distance
- Definition: Image Distance
- Definition: Focal Length
- Formula: Mirror Formula
- Formula: Magnification
- Example 1
- Example 2
- Dispersion of Light
- Definition: Dispersion
- Definition: Spectrum
- Key Points: Dispersion of Light
- Young's Double Slit Experiment and Expression for Fringe Width
- Coherent and Incoherent Sources and Sustained Interference of Light
- Width of Central Maximum
- Lens Formula
- Formula: lens Formula
- Formula: Lens Magnification
- Magnification
- Brewster's Law
- Polaroids
- Polaroids
- Preparation of polaroids
- Polarising action of polaroids
- Uses of polaroids (plane polarised light)
- Mirrors
- Plane Mirror
- Introduction
- Reflection Formation in a Plane Mirror
- Activity
- Experiment
- Relation Between Mirror Height and Full Image Formation
- Plane Mirror
- Spherical Mirrors
- Definition: Spherical Mirror
- Definition: Concave Mirror
- Definition: Convex Mirror
- Definition: Pole
- Definition: Centre of Curvature
- Definition: Radius of Curvature
- Definition: Principal Axis
- Introduction
- Types of Spherical Mirrors
- Activity
- Key Points: Spherical Mirrors
- Reflection of Light
- Introduction
- Activity
- Experiment
- Key Points: Reflection of Light
- Power of a Lens
- Resolving Power
17 Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation [Revision]
- Dual Nature of Radiation
- Electron Emission
- The Photoelectric Effect
- Photoelectric Effect - Hertz’s Observations
- Photoelectric Effect - Hallwachs’ and Lenard’s Observations
- Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect
- Photoelectric Effect and Wave Theory of Light
- Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation: Energy Quantum of Radiation
- Particle Nature of Light: The Photon
- Wave Nature of Matter
- Davisson and Germer Experiment
- Towards Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
- Cathode and Positive Rays
- Photoelectric Effect X-rays
18 Atoms and Nuclei [Revision]
- Concept of Atoms
- Alpha-particle Scattering and Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of Atom
- Atomic Spectra
- Bohr’s Model for Hydrogen Atom
- Energy Levels
- The Line Spectra of the Hydrogen Atom
- De Broglie’s Explanation of Bohr’s Second Postulate of Quantisation
- Hydrogen Spectrum
- Atomic Masses and Composition of Nucleus
- Size of the Nucleus
- Mass - Energy
- Nuclear Binding Energy
- Atomic Mass, Mass - Energy Relation and Mass Defect
- Nuclear Force
- Radioactivity
- Alpha Decay
Alpha Particles Or Rays and Their Properties
- Beta Decay
Beta Particles Or Rays and Their Properties
- Gamma Decay
- Gamma Particles Or Rays and Their Properties
- Alpha Decay
- Law of Radioactive Decay
- Forms of Energy > Nuclear Energy
- Nuclear Fission
- Nuclear Fusion
- Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion
- Structure of the Atom and Nucleus
- Mass-Energy Equivalence and Nuclear Reactions
19 Electronic Devices [Revision]
- Concept of Semiconductors
- Applications of Science and Technology in Everyday Life
- Introduction
- Classification of Metals, Conductors and Semiconductors
- Intrinsic Semiconductor
- Extrinsic Semiconductor
- Diode or p-n Junction
- Semiconductor Diode
- p-n Junction Diode as a Rectifier
- Special Purpose P-n Junction Diodes
- Voltage Regulator
- Digital Electronics and Logic Gates
- Junction Transistor
- Transistor as an Amplifier (Ce-configuration)
- npn Transistor as Common Emitter Amplifier
- Various gains in amplifiers
- Comparison between CB, CE and CC amplifier
- Feedback Amplifier and Transistor Oscillator
- Transistor as an oscillator: Construction, Working
- Gain and Berkhausen's criterion
- Uses
- Transistor as an Amplifier (Ce-configuration)
- Transistor Action
- Transistor and Characteristics of a Transistor
- Configurations of a transistor
i) Common-base configuration (CB)
ii) Common-emitter configuration (CE)
iii) Common-collector configuration (CC) - Types of characteristic curves
i) Input characteristics curve
ii) Output characteristics curve
iii) Transfer characteristics curve - Transistor characteristics in CE configuration
a) Input Characteristics
b) Output characteristics of a transistor: Active region, Cut-off region, Saturation region - Different modes of operation of a transistor
- Current-transfer Characteristics
- Transistor as a switch
- Configurations of a transistor
20 Communication Systems [Revision]
- Communication System
- Origin
- Propagation of EM Waves
- Introduction
- Ionizing Radiations
- Applications of X-rays in Medicine and Industry
- Need for Modulation and Demodulation
- Modulation and Its Necessity
- Carrier waves and their types: Sinusoidal signal and Pulse shaped signal
- Modulation
- Types of Modulation - frequency and amplitude
- Base Band Signals
- Factors affecting transmission of electronic signal in the audio frequency range
- Size of the antenna or aerial: Hertz and Marconi antenna
- Effective power radiated by an antenna
- Mixing up of signals from different transmitters
- Amplitude Modulation (AM)
- Amplitude Modulation (AM)
- Production of amplitude modulated wave
- Detection of amplitude modulated wave
- Modulation index or modulation factor in amplitude modulation
- Power and current relations in amplitude modulation wave
- Applications of amplitude modulation
- Drawbacks in amplitude modulation
- Detection of Amplitude Modulated Wave
- Production of Amplitude Modulated Wave
- Frequency Modulation (FM)
- Frequency modulation (FM)
- Modulation index in frequency modulation
- Frequency deviation
- Advantages of frequency modulation
- Drawbacks in frequency modulation
- Bandwidth of Signals
- Bandwidth of Signals (Speech, TV and Digital Data)
- Bandwidth of Transmission Medium
- Basic Terminology Used in Electronic Communication Systems
- Noise, Attenuation and Amplification
- Transducer, Signal, Noise, Transmitter, Receiver, Attenuation, Amplification, Range, Bandwidth, Modulation, Demodulation, Repeater
- Satellite Communication
