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Nuclear Fission

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Estimated time: 4 minutes
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
CISCE: Class 10

Definition: Nuclear Fission

Nuclear fission is the process in which a heavy nucleus splits into two lighter nuclei of nearly the same size, when bombarded with slow neutrons. In each fission reaction, a tremendous amount of energy (≈ 190 MeV) is released.

OR

The process of splitting of a heavy nucleus (92U235 or 92U239) into two lighter nuclei of comparable masses along with the release of a large amount of energy after being bombarded by slow neutrons is called Nuclear Fission.

CBSE: Class 12

Fission Reaction of Uranium-235

\[\text{Fission Reaction of Uranium-235:}\_{92}\mathrm{U}^{235}+_0n^1\longrightarrow\left[_{92}\mathrm{U}^{236}\right]\longrightarrow_{56}\mathrm{Ba}^{144}+_{36}\mathrm{Kr}^{89}+3_0n^1+200\mathrm{~MeV}\]

CBSE: Class 12
CISCE: Class 10

Key Points: Nuclear Fission

  • In a fission reaction, a heavy atomic nucleus is split into smaller nuclei, other particles and radiation.
  • Uranium-235 absorbs a neutron and splits into barium and krypton, emitting neutrons and radiation.
  • Each fission of U²³⁵ releases approximately 200 MeV of energy.
  • 3 neutrons are released per fission, which can trigger further fissions — leading to a chain reaction.
  • Nuclear power plants exploit the process of fission to create energy.
  • If an incoming neutron strikes a uranium nucleus, fragments produced are chemical elements like barium or krypton, while some are free neutrons.

Related QuestionsVIEW ALL [22]

If three helium nuclei combine to form a carbon nucleus, energy is liberated. Why can't helium nuclei combine on their own and minimise the energy?

A heavy nucleus P of mass number 240 and binding energy of 7.6 MeV per nucleon splits into two nuclei Q and R of mass number 110 and 130 and binding energy per nucleon of 8.5 MeV and 8.4 MeV respectively. Calculate the energy released in fission.

Calculate the Q-value of the fusion reaction 4He + 4He = 8Be. Is such a fusion energetically favourable? Atomic mass of 8Be is 8.0053 u and that of 4He is 4.0026 u.

(Use Mass of proton mp = 1.007276 u, Mass of `""_1^1"H"` atom = 1.007825 u, Mass of neutron mn = 1.008665 u, Mass of electron = 0.0005486 u ≈ 511 keV/c2,1 u = 931 MeV/c2.)

Calculate the energy that can be obtained from 1 kg of water through the fusion reaction 2H + 2H → 3H + p. Assume that 1.5 × 10−2% of natural water is heavy water D2O (by number of molecules) and all the deuterium is used for fusion.

(Use Mass of proton mp = 1.007276 u, Mass of `""_1^1"H"` atom = 1.007825 u, Mass of neutron mn = 1.008665 u, Mass of electron = 0.0005486 u ≈ 511 keV/c2,1 u = 931 MeV/c2.)

The fission properties of `""_94^239"Pu"` are very similar to those of `""_92^235 "U"`. The average energy released per fission is 180 MeV. How much energy, in MeV, is released if all the atoms in 1 kg of pure `""_94^239 "Pu"` undergo fission?

A uranium reactor develops thermal energy at a rate of 300 MW. Calculate the amount of 235U being consumed every second. Average released per fission is 200 MeV.

In a typical fission reaction, the nucleus is split into two middle-weight nuclei of unequal masses. Which of the two (heavier or lighter) has greater kinetic energy? Which one has greater liner momentum?

The heavier nuclei tend to have larger N/Z ratio because
(a) a neutron is heavier than a proton
(b) a neutron is an unstable particle
(c) a neutron does not exert electric repulsion
(d) Coulomb forces have longer range compared to the nuclear forces.

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