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पाठ्यक्रम

Refraction at a Spherical Surface and Lenses

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Estimated time: 6 minutes
  • Introduction
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Law: Laws of Refraction

  • The angle of incidence (i) and angle of refraction (r) are related by Snell's law.
  • The incident ray, refracted ray, and normal lie in one plane; both rays are on either side of the normal.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Definition: Refraction of Light

The phenomenon of bending of a ray of light when it passes from one transparent medium to another depending on their optical densities is called refraction of light.

Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Definition: Spherical Aberration (Lens)

The aberration caused by the spherical shape of the lens, where light rays at the edges focus at a different point than those near the centre, leading to a blurred image, is called spherical aberration.

Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Definition: Chromatic Aberration

The aberration that occurs due to the lens refracting different wavelengths of light at different angles, resulting in an image consisting of different colours without a single focussed image, is called chromatic aberration.

Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Formula: Refractive Index

n = \[\frac {\text {sin i}}{\text {sin r}}\] = \[\frac {c}{v}\] = \[\frac {\text {Real depth}}{\text {Apparent depth}}\]

Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Formula: Apparent Depth (Glass Slab)

d = t - \[\frac {t}{μ}\] = t\[\left(1-\frac{1}{\mu}\right)\]

Related QuestionsVIEW ALL [8]

Consider the following statements regarding a simple microscope

(P) It allows us to keep the object within the least distance of distant vision.
(Q) Image appears to be biggest if the object is at the focus.
(R) It is simply a convex lens.

Solve Numerical example.

Focal power of the eye lens of a compound microscope is 6 dioptre. The microscope is to be used for maximum magnifying power (angular magnification) of at least 12.5. The packing instructions demand that length of the microscope should be 25 cm. Determine minimum focal power of the objective. How much will its radius of curvature be if it is a biconvex lens of n = 1.5?

A point object is kept 10 cm away from one of the surfaces of a thick double convex lens of refractive index 1.5 and radii of curvature 10 cm and 8 cm. Central thickness of the lens is 2 cm. Determine location of the final image considering paraxial rays only.

Solve Numerical example.

A convex lens held some distance above a 6 cm long pencil produces its image of SOME size. On shifting the lens by a distance equal to its focal length, it again produces the image of the SAME size as earlier. Determine the image size.

Choose the correct option.

A student uses spectacles of number -2 for seeing distant objects. Commonly used lenses for her/his spectacles are

Answer the following question.

Derive lens makers’ equation. Why is it called so? Under which conditions focal length f and radii of curvature R are numerically equal for a lens?

Solve Numerical example.

A person uses spectacles of ‘number’ 2.00 for reading. Determine the range of magnifying power (angular magnification) possible. It is a concavoconvex lens (n = 10.5) having a curvature of one of its surfaces to be 10 cm. Estimate that of the other.

Answer the following question.

A spherical surface separates two transparent media. Derive an expression that relates object and image distances with the radius of curvature for a point object. Clearly state the assumptions, if any.

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