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पाठ्यक्रम

Recombinant DNA technology

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Topics

Estimated time: 11 minutes
CISCE: Class 12

Intoduction

  • Recombinant DNA technology involves combining DNA from two different organisms to generate new, recombinant DNA.
  • Because this process involves the artificial manipulation or engineering of the two DNAs, it is commonly known as genetic engineering.
  • Recombinant DNA is formed by uniting foreign DNA, typically from a eukaryotic cell, with vector DNA.
  • This laboratory-made DNA is also referred to as chimeric DNA because it contains genetic material from two distinct species.
CISCE: Class 12

The First Recombinant DNA Construction

  • The very first recombinant DNA was created by linking an antibiotic resistance gene to a native plasmid of the bacteria, Salmonella typhimurium.
  • A plasmid is an autonomously replicating, circular, extra-chromosomal piece of DNA.
  • This scientific milestone was successfully accomplished in 1972 by scientists Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer.
  • They used "molecular scissors", formally known as restriction enzymes, to precisely cut out the piece of DNA responsible for conferring antibiotic resistance.
  • The cut piece of foreign DNA is then annealed or joined with the cut plasmid DNA and sealed using DNA ligase.
  • This newly cloned recombinant plasmid is then transformed into a host bacterial cell, such as E. coli.
CISCE: Class 12

Cloning of a DNA Segment in a Plasmid Vector

CISCE: Class 12

Role of Vectors and Basic Modification Steps

  • Plasmid DNAs serve as vectors, acting as vehicles to safely transfer the newly attached piece of DNA into the host organism.
  • Genetically modifying an organism always requires three basic foundational steps.
  • First, the DNA containing the highly desirable genes must be identified.
  • Second, the identified DNA must be successfully introduced into the host organism.
  • Third, the introduced DNA must be maintained within the host and successfully transferred to its subsequent progeny.
CISCE: Class 12

Key Points: Recombinant DNA technology

  • Recombinant DNA technology involves combining DNA from two different organisms to form chimeric DNA using genetic engineering techniques.
  • Foreign DNA is cut and joined with vector DNA (usually plasmids) using restriction enzymes, known as molecular scissors.
  • The first recombinant DNA was created in 1972 by Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer using an antibiotic resistance gene.
  • The process includes identifying a desired gene, introducing it into a host cell, and ensuring its stable inheritance.
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