Diseases Caused by Bacteria > Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an acute infection or inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli get affected and fill with fluid, causing serious difficulty in respiration.

It is mainly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, though other pathogens may also cause it.

Symptoms:

• High fever, chills, cough, headache, chest pain, and rapid breathing are the main symptoms.
• Cough may be dry or may produce yellow or greenish sputum.
• Shortness of breath, fatigue, vomiting, joint pains, and muscle aches may also occur.
• In severe cases, the lips and fingernails may turn grey to bluish in colour.

Spread:

• Infection is acquired by inhaling droplets or aerosols released by an infected person.
• It may also spread through sharing glasses, utensils, or even other used items with an infected person.

Treatment:

• For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics are effective.
• Rest in bed, plenty of fluids, and close follow-up are advised.

Prevention:

• Maintenance of personal and public hygiene helps in prevention.
• Vaccination helps reduce the chances of pneumonia.
• Vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae are useful, especially early in life.