Roles of Mineral Elements in Plants

Topics

Reproduction in Lower and Higher Plants
Reproduction in Lower and Higher Animals
Inheritance and Variation
- Heredity
- Gregor Johann Mendel – Father of Genetics
- Mendel's Experiments on Inheritance
- Reasons for Mendel's Success
- Genetic Terminology
- Monohybrid Cross
- Dihybrid Cross
- Mendel's Laws > The Law of Dominance
- Mendel's Laws > The Law of Segregation (Law of Purity of Gametes)
- Mendel's Laws > The Law of Independent Assortment
- Back Cross and Test Cross
- Deviations from Mendel’s Findings
- Exceptions to Mendel's Principles > Incomplete Dominance
- Exceptions to Mendel's Principles > Co-Dominance
- Exceptions to Mendel's Principles > Multiple alleles
- Exceptions to Mendel's Principles > Pleiotropy
- Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
- Chromosomes - The Carriers of Heredity
- Types of Chromosomes
- Linkage and Crossing Over
- Autosomal Inheritance
- Sex Linked Inheritance
- Colour blindness
- Haemophilia
- Sex Determination
- Sex Determination in Humans
- Sex Determination in Birds
- Sex Determination in Honey Bees
- Human Genetic Disorders
- Thalassemia
- Down's syndrome (Mongolian Idiocy)
- Turner's Syndrome
- Klinefelter's Syndrome
- Overview of Inheritance and Variation
Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
- Griffith’s Experiment
- Avery, McCarty and MacLeod’s Experiment
- The Hershey-Chase Experiment
- Packaging of DNA Helix
- DNA Replication
- Mechanism of DNA Replication
- Semi-Conservative Replication
- Protein Synthesis
- Transcription
- Transcription Unit and the Gene
- Genetic Code
- Characterestic of the Genetic Code
- Mutations and Genetic Code
- tRNA – the Adapter Molecule
- Translation
- Mechanism of Translation
- Regulation of Gene Expression
- Operon Concept
- The Lac Operon
- Genomics
- Human Genome Project
- DNA Fingerprinting
- Overview of Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Origin and Evolution of Life
- Origin of Life on Earth
- Redi's and Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
- Chemical Evolution of Life
- Urey and Miller’s Experiment
- The RNA World
- Organic Evolution
- Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection (Darwinism)
- Basic Postulates of Darwinism
- Drawbacks and Criticism of Darwinism
- Mutation Theory
- Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution
- Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution > Genetic Variations
- Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution > Natural Selection
- Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution > Isolation
- Mechanism of Organic Evolution
- Hardy Weinberg’s Principle
- Adaptive Radiation
- Evidences of Organic Evolution
- Evidences of organic evolution > Palaeontology
- Connecting Links
- Homology and Homologous Organs
- Analogy and Analogous Organs
- Vestigial Organs
- Molecular (Genetic) Evidences
- Speciation
- Geological Time Scale
- Human Evolution
- Stages of Human Evolution
- Overview of Origin and Evolution of Life
Plant Water Relation
- Properties of Water
- Water Absorbing Organ
- Water Available to Roots for Absorption
- Diffusion
- Osmosis
- Imbibition
- Osmotic Pressure
- Water Potential (ψ)
- Turgidity and Flaccidity (Plasmolysis)
- Path of Water Across the Root
- Mechanism of Absorption of Water
- Translocation of Water
- Root Pressure Theory (Vital Theory)
- Capillarity Theory (physical force theory)
- Cohesion-Tension Theory (Transpiration pull theory)
- Transport of Mineral Ions
- Transportation of Food and Other Substances
- Concept of Transpiration
- Types of Transpiration > Cuticular Transpiration
- Types of Transpiration > Lenticular Transpiration
- Types of Transpiration > Stomatal Transpiration
- Structure of Stomatal Apparatus
- Significance of Transpiration
- Overview of Plant Water Relation
Plant Growth and Mineral Nutrition
Respiration and Circulation
Control and Co-ordination
Human Health and Diseases
Enhancement of Food Production
Human Reproduction
Biotechnology
Organisms and Populations
Ecosystems and Energy Flow
Biodiversity, Conservation and Environmental Issues
- Biodiversity
- Levels of Biodiversity
- Patterns of Biodiversity
- Importance of Species Diversity to the Ecosystem
- Biodiversity Current Scenario
- Loss of Biodiversity
- Threatened Species
- Conservation of Biodiversity
- Biodiversity Conservation Methods
- Biological Diversity Act, 2002
- Environmental Issues
- Air Pollution
- Effects of Air Pollution
- Major Air Pollutants
- Prevention and Control of Air Pollution
- Noise Pollution
- Water Pollution
- Sources of Water Pollution
- Prevention and Control of Water Pollution
- Solid Waste Management
- Greenhouse Effect
- Global Warming
- Ozone Layer Depletion
- Deforestation and Its Causes
- Mission Harit Maharashtra
- Overview of Biodiversity, Conservation and Environmental Issues

Estimated time: 8 minutes

Maharashtra State Board: Class 12

Role of Mineral Elements in Plants

Element	Form	Key Function	Deficiency Symptom
Nitrogen	NO₃⁻, NH₄⁺	Proteins, nucleic acids, chlorophyll, hormones	Chlorosis, stunted growth
Phosphorus	H₂PO₄⁻	Cell membrane, nucleic acids, phosphorylation	Poor growth, dull green leaves
Potassium	K⁺	Stomata opening/closing, enzyme activation, turgidity	Yellow leaf edges, premature death
Calcium	Ca²⁺	Cell wall (middle lamella), membrane permeability, enzyme activation	Stunted growth
Magnesium	Mg²⁺	Chlorophyll constituent, enzyme activation, ribosome structure	Chlorosis
Sulphur	SO₄²⁻	Proteins, vitamins (thiamine, biotin), ferredoxin	Chlorosis, stunted growth
Iron	Fe³⁺	Ferredoxin, cytochrome, chlorophyll synthesis	Chlorosis
Manganese	Mn²⁺	Activates carboxylases	Chlorosis, grey spots on leaves
Zinc	Zn²⁺	Carboxylases, auxin synthesis, carbonic anhydrase	Malformed leaves
Copper	Cu²⁺	Redox enzyme activation	Die-back of shoots
Boron	BO₃³⁻	Ca²⁺ uptake, pollen germination, carbohydrate translocation	Brown heart disease
Molybdenum	MoO₄²⁻	Nitrogen metabolism enzymes	Slight retardation of growth
Chlorine	Cl⁻	Solute concentration, O₂ evolution in photosynthesis	Poor plant growth

Roles of Mineral Elements in Plants

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Topics

Reproduction in Lower and Higher Plants

Reproduction in Lower and Higher Animals

Inheritance and Variation

Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Origin and Evolution of Life

Plant Water Relation

Plant Growth and Mineral Nutrition

Respiration and Circulation

Control and Co-ordination

Human Health and Diseases

Enhancement of Food Production

Human Reproduction

Biotechnology

Organisms and Populations

Ecosystems and Energy Flow

Biodiversity, Conservation and Environmental Issues

Role of Mineral Elements in Plants

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