Topics
Principles and Functions of Management
Nature and Significance of Management
- Case Study: Tata Group – Excellence in Management
- Concept of Management
- Characteristics of Management
- Objectives of Management
- Importance of Management
- Nature of Management
- Management as an Art
- Management as a Science
- Management as a Profession
- Levels of Management
- Functions of Management
- Coordination as an Essence of Management
- Management in the Twenty-First Century
Business Finance and Marketing
Principles of Management
- Case Study: Toyota's Guiding Principles of Management
- Evolution of Management Principles
- Concept of Management Principles
- Nature of Management Principles
- Significance of Management Principles
- Taylor's Scientific Management Theory
- Principles of Scientific Management
- Techniques of Scientific Management> Functional Foremanship
- Techniques of Scientific Management> Standardisation and Simplification of Work
- Techniques of Scientific Management> Differential Piece Wage System
- Fayol’s Principles of Management
- Comparison of Taylor's and Fayol’s Principles.
Business Environment
- Case Study: Dharamveer Kamboj's Entrepreneurial Journey
- Concept of Business Environment
- Importance of Business Environment
- Dimensions of Business Environment
- External Factors> Economic Environment
- External Factors> Social Environment
- External Factors> Technological Environment
- External Factors> Political Environment
- External Factors> Legal Environment
- Economic Environment in India
- The 1991 Economic Crisis and Reforms
- Liberalisation
- Privatisation
- Globalisation
- Demonetisation
Planning
Organising
- Case Study: Wipro's Organisational Restructuring for Growth
- Organising
- Steps in the Process of Organising
- Importance of Organising
- Structure of Organisation
- Types of Organisation Structure > Functional Structure
- Types of Organisation Structure > Divisional Structure
- Comparison Between Functional Structure and Divisional Structure
- Formal Organisation
- Informal Organisation
- Comparison between Formal Organisation and Informal Organisation
- Concept of Delegation of Authority
- Concept of Decentralization
- Comparison Between Delegation and Decentralization
Staffing
- Case Study: Management of Human Resources at Infosys
- Staffing
- Staffing as Part of Human Resource Management
- Evolution of Human Resource Management
- Staffing Process
- Aspects of Staffing > Recruitment
- Sources of Recruitment
- Internal Sources
- External Sources
- Aspects of Staffing > Selection
- Aspects of Staffing > Training and Development
- Methods of Training
Directing
- Case Study: Leadership Development at Ford Motor Company
- Directing
- Principles of Directing
- Elements of Directing
- Supervision
- Motivation
- Motivation> Motivation Process
- Motivation> Importance of Motivation
- Motivation > Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory of Motivation
- Motivation> Financial and Non-Financial Incentives
- Leadership
- Communication
- Communication> Formal Communication
- Communication> Informal Communication or Grapevine
- Barriers to Communication
- Improving Communication Effectiveness
Controlling
Financial Management
- Case Study: Tata Steel–Corus Acquisition
- Concept of Business Finance
- Concept of Financial Management
- Financial Decisions> Investment Decision
- Financial Decisions> Financing Decision
- Financial Decisions> Dividend Decision
- Concept of Financial Planning
- Importance of Financial Planning
- Capital Structure
- Factors affecting the Choice of Capital Structure
- Fixed Capital
- Working Capital
Financial Markets
- Concept of Financial Market
- Money Market
- Capital Market
- Primary Market
- Secondary Market/Stock Exchange
- Distinction Between Capital Market and Money Market
- Distinction between Primary and Secondary Market
- Functions of Stock Exchange
- Trading Procedure of Stock Exchange
- Depository Services
- Demat System
- Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
Marketing
- Concept of Financial Market
- Types of Financial Market
- Money Market
- Capital Market
- Primary Market
- Secondary Market/Stock Exchange
- Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
- Distinction Between Capital Market and Money Market
- National Stock Exchange of India (NSE)
- Overview of Marketing
Marketing Management
- Concept of Marketing
- Concept of Marketing Management
- Marketing vs. Selling
- Marketing Management Philosophies
- Functions of Marketing
- Concept of Marketing Mix
- Marketing Mix> Product
- Classification of Products> Consumer Products
- Classification of Products> Industrial Products
- Branding
- Packaging
- Labelling
- Marketing Mix> Pricing
- Marketing Mix> Physical Distribution
- Marketing Mix> Promotion
- Promotion Mix
- Advertising
- Personal Selling
- Sales Promotion
- Public Relations
- Distinction Between Advertising and Personal Selling
Consumer Protection
- Case Study: Consumer Protection in Banking Services
- Concept of Consumer Protection
- Importance of Consumer Protection
- Consumer Protection Act, 2019
- Concept of Consumer
- Consumer Rights
- Responsibilities of Consumers
- Ways and Means of Consumer Protection
- Redressal Agencies Under The Consumer Protection Act
- Role of Consumer Organisations and NGO's
- Overview of Consumer Protection
Estimated time: 14 minutes
CBSE: Class 12
Main Idea of the Theory
- Motivation is explained in terms of human needs.
- Human behaviour is influenced by satisfaction or non-satisfaction of these needs.
- Needs are arranged from lower-level (basic) to higher-level needs.
- Only unsatisfied needs can motivate a person.
CBSE: Class 12
Five Levels of Needs
Physiological Needs
- Basic survival needs such as hunger, thirst, shelter, sleep and sex.
- In organisations, these are mainly satisfied through wages or salaries.
Safety or Security Needs
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Needs related to protection from physical and emotional harm.
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Include job security, stability of income and pension plans.
Affiliation or Belonging Needs
-
Needs for affection, belongingness, acceptance and friendship.
Esteem Needs
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Needs for self-respect, status, recognition, autonomy and attention.
Self-actualisation Needs
- Highest level needs.
- Related to growth, self-fulfilment and achievement of goals.
- Represent the drive to become what one is capable of becoming
CBSE: Class 12
Assumptions of the Theory
- Human behaviour is based on needs; satisfaction of needs influences behaviour.
- Needs are in hierarchical order from basic to higher-level.
- A satisfied need no longer motivates; the next higher-level need becomes the motivator.
- Individuals move to higher-level needs only after reasonably satisfying lower-level needs.
CBSE: Class 12
Evaluation and Usefulness
- The theory focuses on needs as the basis of motivation.
- Widely recognised and appreciated for understanding need-based behaviour.
- Some propositions, such as strict classification and hierarchy of needs, are questioned.
- Still considered relevant because understanding needs helps in understanding behaviour.
- Managers can use the theory to identify employee need levels and provide appropriate motivation.
CBSE: Class 12
Abraham Maslow – Brief Profile
- Born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1908; doctorate in psychology from the University of Wisconsin in 1934.
- Worked on human motivation and personality, emphasising the whole person.
- His hierarchy of needs and concept of self-actualising individuals contributed to humanistic psychology.
- Taught at Brooklyn College; later became chairman of the Psychology Department at Brandeis University.
- President of the American Psychological Association in 1968; joined the Laughlin Foundation in 1969.
- Major books: “Toward a Psychology of Being” (1968) and “Motivation and Personality” (1970).
- Died of a heart attack in 1970.
CBSE: Class 12
Key Points: Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory of Motivation
- Maslow’s theory explains motivation through a hierarchy of five human needs.
- Physiological, safety, affiliation, esteem and self-actualisation needs form the hierarchy.
- Only unsatisfied needs motivate behaviour; satisfied needs lose their motivating power.
- Movement to higher-level needs occurs after lower-level needs are reasonably satisfied.
- Despite criticism, the theory remains an important tool for understanding and motivating people.
Related QuestionsVIEW ALL [15]
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow.
| By applying Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, the Human Resources Department in orgnisations strive to make the workplace a second home for the employees. The professional employees who studied Psychology and Organisational Behaviour create good working conditions in the workplaces. In offices, one can find comfortable places, places to rest and nap, kitchen and plenty of food and drinks, and transportation facility. Training programmes are conducted for employees on principles and ethics of workplace and respect for fellow employees. Some organisations also have rewarding systems club membership, profit shares and promotion, retirement plan and social insurance, medical insurance and annual paid vacations. All these conditions and benefits have a great impact on the behaviour of employees which eventually impacts the work environment and business of the organisation. |
- Discuss how each need, as given by Maslow, is satisfied in the above case.
- To which level of management, does the Human Resource Manager belong? Mention any two functions performed by her.
