Topics
Nature and Significance of Management
- Case Study: Tata Group – Excellence in Management
- Concept of Management
- Characteristics of Management
- Objectives of Management
- Importance of Management
- Nature of Management
- Management as an Art
- Management as a Science
- Management as a Profession
- Levels of Management
- Functions of Management
- Coordination as an Essence of Management
- Management in the Twenty-First Century
Principles and Functions of Management
Business Finance and Marketing
Principles of Management
- Case Study: Toyota's Guiding Principles of Management
- Evolution of Management Principles
- Concept of Management Principles
- Nature of Management Principles
- Significance of Management Principles
- Taylor's Scientific Management Theory
- Principles of Scientific Management
- Techniques of Scientific Management> Functional Foremanship
- Techniques of Scientific Management> Standardisation and Simplification of Work
- Techniques of Scientific Management> Differential Piece Wage System
- Fayol’s Principles of Management
- Comparison of Taylor's and Fayol’s Principles.
Business Environment
- Case Study: Dharamveer Kamboj's Entrepreneurial Journey
- Concept of Business Environment
- Importance of Business Environment
- Dimensions of Business Environment
- External Factors> Economic Environment
- External Factors> Social Environment
- External Factors> Technological Environment
- External Factors> Political Environment
- External Factors> Legal Environment
- Economic Environment in India
- The 1991 Economic Crisis and Reforms
- Liberalisation
- Privatisation
- Globalisation
- Demonetisation
Planning
Organising
- Case Study: Wipro's Organisational Restructuring for Growth
- Organising
- Steps in the Process of Organising
- Importance of Organising
- Structure of Organisation
- Types of Organisation Structure > Functional Structure
- Types of Organisation Structure > Divisional Structure
- Comparison Between Functional Structure and Divisional Structure
- Formal Organisation
- Informal Organisation
- Comparison between Formal Organisation and Informal Organisation
- Concept of Delegation of Authority
- Concept of Decentralization
- Comparison Between Delegation and Decentralization
Staffing
- Case Study: Management of Human Resources at Infosys
- Staffing
- Staffing as Part of Human Resource Management
- Evolution of Human Resource Management
- Staffing Process
- Aspects of Staffing > Recruitment
- Sources of Recruitment
- Internal Sources
- External Sources
- Aspects of Staffing > Selection
- Aspects of Staffing > Training and Development
- Methods of Training
Directing
- Case Study: Leadership Development at Ford Motor Company
- Directing
- Principles of Directing
- Elements of Directing
- Supervision
- Motivation
- Motivation> Motivation Process
- Motivation> Importance of Motivation
- Motivation > Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory of Motivation
- Motivation> Financial and Non-Financial Incentives
- Leadership
- Communication
- Communication> Formal Communication
- Communication> Informal Communication or Grapevine
- Barriers to Communication
- Improving Communication Effectiveness
Controlling
Financial Management
- Case Study: Tata Steel–Corus Acquisition
- Concept of Business Finance
- Concept of Financial Management
- Financial Decisions> Investment Decision
- Financial Decisions> Financing Decision
- Financial Decisions> Dividend Decision
- Concept of Financial Planning
- Importance of Financial Planning
- Capital Structure
- Factors affecting the Choice of Capital Structure
- Fixed Capital
- Working Capital
Financial Markets
- Concept of Financial Market
- Money Market
- Capital Market
- Primary Market
- Secondary Market/Stock Exchange
- Distinction Between Capital Market and Money Market
- Distinction between Primary and Secondary Market
- Functions of Stock Exchange
- Trading Procedure of Stock Exchange
- Depository Services
- Demat System
- Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
Marketing Management
- Concept of Marketing
- Concept of Marketing Management
- Marketing vs. Selling
- Marketing Management Philosophies
- Functions of Marketing
- Concept of Marketing Mix
- Marketing Mix> Product
- Classification of Products> Consumer Products
- Classification of Products> Industrial Products
- Branding
- Packaging
- Labelling
- Marketing Mix> Pricing
- Marketing Mix> Physical Distribution
- Marketing Mix> Promotion
- Promotion Mix
- Advertising
- Personal Selling
- Sales Promotion
- Public Relations
- Distinction Between Advertising and Personal Selling
Marketing
- Concept of Financial Market
- Types of Financial Market
- Money Market
- Capital Market
- Primary Market
- Secondary Market/Stock Exchange
- Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
- Distinction Between Capital Market and Money Market
- National Stock Exchange of India (NSE)
- Overview of Marketing
Consumer Protection
- Case Study: Consumer Protection in Banking Services
- Concept of Consumer Protection
- Importance of Consumer Protection
- Consumer Protection Act, 2019
- Concept of Consumer
- Consumer Rights
- Responsibilities of Consumers
- Ways and Means of Consumer Protection
- Redressal Agencies Under The Consumer Protection Act
- Role of Consumer Organisations and NGO's
- Overview of Consumer Protection
Estimated time: 13 minutes
CBSE: Class 12
Marketing Management Philosophies
- Companies follow different ideas about how to do business and sell products.
- These ideas are called marketing management philosophies.
- Five main philosophies are: production, product, selling, marketing, and societal marketing.
CBSE: Class 12
Production Concept
- When demand is high and products are fewer, selling is easy.
- This concept says: make more goods at lower cost and keep them easily available.
- Focus is on large‑scale production and efficient distribution.
CBSE: Class 12
Product Concept
- Just cheap and available products are not enough when many options exist.
- This concept says: improve quality, performance, and features of the product.
- Better products are expected to bring more customers and profit.
CBSE: Class 12
Selling Concept
- When many firms offer similar good products, competition increases.
- This concept says: use strong selling and promotion to push sales.
- It depends on advertising, personal selling, and sales promotion to increase sales volume.
CBSE: Class 12
Marketing Concept
- This concept says: first understand customers’ needs, then make and sell products accordingly.
- All decisions about product, price, and place are taken from the customer’s point of view.
- If customer needs are satisfied better than competitors, profit will follow.
CBSE: Class 12
Societal Marketing Concept
- Only satisfying customers is not enough if society is harmed.
- This concept adds concern for social welfare, ethics, and environment.
- Aim is profit through customer satisfaction and long‑term good for society.
CBSE: Class 12
Differences in the Marketing Management Philosophies
| Basis | Production | Product | Selling | Marketing | Societal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Starting point | Factory | Factory | Factory | Market | Market and society |
| Main focus | More quantity | Better quality and features | Push sales | Customer needs | Customer and society’s welfare |
| Means | Availability, low price | Product improvement | Promotion and selling | Integrated marketing | Integrated marketing with social concern |
| End result | Profit by high output | Profit by superior product | Profit by high sales | Profit by satisfied customers | Profit with customer satisfaction and social welfare |
CBSE: Class 12
Key Points: Marketing Management Philosophies
- Production: make more at lower cost and keep widely available.
- Product: improve quality and features to attract buyers.
- Selling: use aggressive promotion to push products.
- Marketing: study what customers need and satisfy them.
- Societal: satisfy customers and also protect society and environment.
