Topics
Nature and Significance of Management
- Case Study: Tata Group – Excellence in Management
- Concept of Management
- Characteristics of Management
- Objectives of Management
- Importance of Management
- Nature of Management
- Management as an Art
- Management as a Science
- Management as a Profession
- Levels of Management
- Functions of Management
- Coordination as an Essence of Management
- Management in the Twenty-First Century
Principles and Functions of Management
Business Finance and Marketing
Principles of Management
- Case Study: Toyota's Guiding Principles of Management
- Evolution of Management Principles
- Concept of Management Principles
- Nature of Management Principles
- Significance of Management Principles
- Taylor's Scientific Management Theory
- Principles of Scientific Management
- Techniques of Scientific Management> Functional Foremanship
- Techniques of Scientific Management> Standardisation and Simplification of Work
- Techniques of Scientific Management> Differential Piece Wage System
- Fayol’s Principles of Management
- Comparison of Taylor's and Fayol’s Principles.
Business Environment
- Case Study: Dharamveer Kamboj's Entrepreneurial Journey
- Concept of Business Environment
- Importance of Business Environment
- Dimensions of Business Environment
- External Factors> Economic Environment
- External Factors> Social Environment
- External Factors> Technological Environment
- External Factors> Political Environment
- External Factors> Legal Environment
- Economic Environment in India
- The 1991 Economic Crisis and Reforms
- Liberalisation
- Privatisation
- Globalisation
- Demonetisation
Planning
Organising
- Case Study: Wipro's Organisational Restructuring for Growth
- Organising
- Steps in the Process of Organising
- Importance of Organising
- Structure of Organisation
- Types of Organisation Structure > Functional Structure
- Types of Organisation Structure > Divisional Structure
- Comparison Between Functional Structure and Divisional Structure
- Formal Organisation
- Informal Organisation
- Comparison between Formal Organisation and Informal Organisation
- Concept of Delegation of Authority
- Concept of Decentralization
- Comparison Between Delegation and Decentralization
Staffing
- Case Study: Management of Human Resources at Infosys
- Staffing
- Staffing as Part of Human Resource Management
- Evolution of Human Resource Management
- Staffing Process
- Aspects of Staffing > Recruitment
- Sources of Recruitment
- Internal Sources
- External Sources
- Aspects of Staffing > Selection
- Aspects of Staffing > Training and Development
- Methods of Training
Directing
- Case Study: Leadership Development at Ford Motor Company
- Directing
- Principles of Directing
- Elements of Directing
- Supervision
- Motivation
- Motivation> Motivation Process
- Motivation> Importance of Motivation
- Motivation > Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory of Motivation
- Motivation> Financial and Non-Financial Incentives
- Leadership
- Communication
- Communication> Formal Communication
- Communication> Informal Communication or Grapevine
- Barriers to Communication
- Improving Communication Effectiveness
Controlling
Financial Management
- Case Study: Tata Steel–Corus Acquisition
- Concept of Business Finance
- Concept of Financial Management
- Financial Decisions> Investment Decision
- Financial Decisions> Financing Decision
- Financial Decisions> Dividend Decision
- Concept of Financial Planning
- Importance of Financial Planning
- Capital Structure
- Factors affecting the Choice of Capital Structure
- Fixed Capital
- Working Capital
Financial Markets
- Concept of Financial Market
- Money Market
- Capital Market
- Primary Market
- Secondary Market/Stock Exchange
- Distinction Between Capital Market and Money Market
- Distinction between Primary and Secondary Market
- Functions of Stock Exchange
- Trading Procedure of Stock Exchange
- Depository Services
- Demat System
- Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
Marketing Management
- Concept of Marketing
- Concept of Marketing Management
- Marketing vs. Selling
- Marketing Management Philosophies
- Functions of Marketing
- Concept of Marketing Mix
- Marketing Mix> Product
- Classification of Products> Consumer Products
- Classification of Products> Industrial Products
- Branding
- Packaging
- Labelling
- Marketing Mix> Pricing
- Marketing Mix> Physical Distribution
- Marketing Mix> Promotion
- Promotion Mix
- Advertising
- Personal Selling
- Sales Promotion
- Public Relations
- Distinction Between Advertising and Personal Selling
Marketing
- Concept of Financial Market
- Types of Financial Market
- Money Market
- Capital Market
- Primary Market
- Secondary Market/Stock Exchange
- Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
- Distinction Between Capital Market and Money Market
- National Stock Exchange of India (NSE)
- Overview of Marketing
Consumer Protection
- Case Study: Consumer Protection in Banking Services
- Concept of Consumer Protection
- Importance of Consumer Protection
- Consumer Protection Act, 2019
- Concept of Consumer
- Consumer Rights
- Responsibilities of Consumers
- Ways and Means of Consumer Protection
- Redressal Agencies Under The Consumer Protection Act
- Role of Consumer Organisations and NGO's
- Overview of Consumer Protection
Estimated time: 14 minutes
CBSE: Class 12
Main Idea of the Theory
- Motivation is explained in terms of human needs.
- Human behaviour is influenced by satisfaction or non-satisfaction of these needs.
- Needs are arranged from lower-level (basic) to higher-level needs.
- Only unsatisfied needs can motivate a person.
CBSE: Class 12
Five Levels of Needs
Physiological Needs
- Basic survival needs such as hunger, thirst, shelter, sleep and sex.
- In organisations, these are mainly satisfied through wages or salaries.
Safety or Security Needs
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Needs related to protection from physical and emotional harm.
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Include job security, stability of income and pension plans.
Affiliation or Belonging Needs
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Needs for affection, belongingness, acceptance and friendship.
Esteem Needs
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Needs for self-respect, status, recognition, autonomy and attention.
Self-actualisation Needs
- Highest level needs.
- Related to growth, self-fulfilment and achievement of goals.
- Represent the drive to become what one is capable of becoming
CBSE: Class 12
Assumptions of the Theory
- Human behaviour is based on needs; satisfaction of needs influences behaviour.
- Needs are in hierarchical order from basic to higher-level.
- A satisfied need no longer motivates; the next higher-level need becomes the motivator.
- Individuals move to higher-level needs only after reasonably satisfying lower-level needs.
CBSE: Class 12
Evaluation and Usefulness
- The theory focuses on needs as the basis of motivation.
- Widely recognised and appreciated for understanding need-based behaviour.
- Some propositions, such as strict classification and hierarchy of needs, are questioned.
- Still considered relevant because understanding needs helps in understanding behaviour.
- Managers can use the theory to identify employee need levels and provide appropriate motivation.
CBSE: Class 12
Abraham Maslow – Brief Profile
- Born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1908; doctorate in psychology from the University of Wisconsin in 1934.
- Worked on human motivation and personality, emphasising the whole person.
- His hierarchy of needs and concept of self-actualising individuals contributed to humanistic psychology.
- Taught at Brooklyn College; later became chairman of the Psychology Department at Brandeis University.
- President of the American Psychological Association in 1968; joined the Laughlin Foundation in 1969.
- Major books: “Toward a Psychology of Being” (1968) and “Motivation and Personality” (1970).
- Died of a heart attack in 1970.
CBSE: Class 12
Key Points: Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory of Motivation
- Maslow’s theory explains motivation through a hierarchy of five human needs.
- Physiological, safety, affiliation, esteem and self-actualisation needs form the hierarchy.
- Only unsatisfied needs motivate behaviour; satisfied needs lose their motivating power.
- Movement to higher-level needs occurs after lower-level needs are reasonably satisfied.
- Despite criticism, the theory remains an important tool for understanding and motivating people.
