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Flower

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Estimated time: 10 minutes
CBSE: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12

Definition: Flower

A modified, compressed reproductive shoot of angiosperms bearing sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels, meant for sexual reproduction, is called a flower.

CISCE: Class 12

Definition: Thalamus (Receptacle)

The swollen terminal part of the pedicel on which all floral whorls are arranged is called the thalamus or receptacle.

CISCE: Class 12

Definition: Whorl

A circular arrangement of floral organs at the same level on the thalamus is called a whorl.

CISCE: Class 12

Definition: Perianth

When calyx and corolla are not differentiated, the floral envelope is called the perianth.

CISCE: Class 12

Definition: Tepals

Individual members of the perianth are called tepals.

CBSE: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12

Key Points: Parts of Flower

Part of Flower Whorl Type Main Components Function
Calyx Accessory whorl Sepals Protect inner floral parts
Corolla Accessory whorl Petals Attract insects for pollination
Androecium Essential whorl Stamens (filament + anther) Male reproduction; pollen formation
Gynoecium Essential whorl Carpels (stigma, style, ovary) Female reproduction; seed and fruit formation
CBSE: Class 12

Key Points: The Flower

  • Flower: A modified shoot and the reproductive unit of angiosperms.
  • Structure: Consists of four whorls—calyx, corolla (accessory), androecium, and gynoecium (reproductive).
  • Types by sex: Flowers may be unisexual (male/female) or bisexual (both present).
  • Symmetry: Actinomorphic (radial), zygomorphic (bilateral), or asymmetric.
  • Based on floral parts: Flowers can be trimerous, tetramerous, or pentamerous depending on the number of parts.
  • Position of ovary: Hypogynous (superior), perigynous (half inferior), epigynous (inferior).

Video Tutorials

We have provided more than 1 series of video tutorials for some topics to help you get a better understanding of the topic.

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Shaalaa.com | Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plant

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Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plant [01:52:19]
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