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अभ्यासक्रम

Capacitors and Capacitance

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Estimated time: 10 minutes
CBSE: Class 12
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Definition: Capacitor

A system consisting of two conductors having equal and opposite charges separated by an insulator or dielectric is called a capacitor.

CBSE: Class 12
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Definition: Capacity of Conductor

The ability of a conductor to store charge is called the capacity of conductor.

CBSE: Class 12
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Definition: Capacitance

The ratio of the charge Q given to one of the conductors of a capacitor to the potential difference V between the conductors is called its capacitance, given by C = Q/V.

Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Definition: Dielectric Strength

The maximum electric field that a dielectric medium can withstand without breakdown (of its insulating property) is called its dielectric strength.

Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Formula: Basic Capacitance

C = Q/V

Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Formula: Spherical Capacitor

C = 4πkε₀ · [\[\frac {ab}{(b − a)}\]]

Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Formula: Cylindrical Capacitor

C = \[\frac {2πkε₀ l}{2.303 log(b/a)}\]

CBSE: Class 12
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11

Key Points: Capacitors

  • Capacitance depends on the geometry (shape, size, separation) of the conductors and on the dielectric between them.
  • In a series, the charge on each capacitor is the same, but the voltage across each is different.
  • A series combination divides high voltage — the capacitor with the smallest capacitance gets the largest P.D., and it cannot store much charge.
  • In parallel, the voltage across each capacitor is the same, but the charge on each is different, and it handles only low voltage.
  • A parallel combination is used when a large capacitance at low potential is needed, as it can store a large amount of charge.

Video Tutorials

We have provided more than 1 series of video tutorials for some topics to help you get a better understanding of the topic.

Series 1


Series 2


Shaalaa.com | Capacitor and Capacitance part 1 (Introduction)

Shaalaa.com


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Shaalaa.com


Capacitor and Capacitance part 1 (Introduction) [00:14:03]
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Series: 1
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Capacitor and Capacitance part 1 (Introduction)
00:14:03  undefined
apacitor and Capacitance part 2 (Behaviour of Conductor in Electric Field)
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Capacitor and Capacitance part 3 (Behaviour of Conductor in Electric Field)
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Capacitor and Capacitance part 4 (Electrical Shielding)
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Capacitor and Capacitance part 5 (Electrical capacitance)
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Capacitor and Capacitance part 6 (How capacitor Works)
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Capacitor and Capacitance part 13 (Numericals)
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Capacitor and Capacitance part 14 (Numericals)
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Capacitor and Capacitance part 16 (Equivalent Capacitance)
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Capacitor and Capacitance part 17 (Numericals :- Equivalent Capacitance)
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Capacitor and Capacitance part 18 (Numericals :- Equivalent Capacitance)
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Capacitor and Capacitance part 22 (Problem: Wheatstone Bridge Numericals)
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Capacitor and Capacitance part 23 (Kirchoff Law)
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Capacitor and Capacitance part 24 (Numericals)
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Capacitor and Capacitance part 25 (Numericals)
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Capacitor and Capacitance part 26 (Open Circuit Problem)
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Capacitor and Capacitance part 27 (Infinite Capacitor problems)
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Related QuestionsVIEW ALL [97]

A capacitor is formed by two square metal-plates of edge a, separated by a distance d. Dielectrics of dielectric constant K1 and K2 are filled in the gap as shown in figure . Find the capacitance.

A bulb is connected in series with a variable capacitor and an AC source as shown. What happens to the brightness of the bulb when the key is plugged in and capacitance of the capacitor is gradually reduced?

A capacitor of capacitance C is charged fully by connecting it to a battery of emf E. It is then disconnected from the battery. If the separation between the plates of the capacitor is now doubled, how will the following change?

(i) charge stored by the capacitor.

(ii) Field strength between the plates.

(iii) Energy stored by the capacitor.

Justify your answer in each case.

You are provided with 8 μF capacitors. Show with the help of a diagram how you will arrange minimum number of them to get a resultant capacitance of 20 μF.

Define capacitor reactance. Write its S.I units.

Consider the situation shown in the figure. The switch S is open for a long time and then closed. (a) Find the charge flown through the battery when the switch S is closed. (b) Find the work done by the battery.(c) Find the change in energy stored in the capacitors.(d) Find the heat developed in the system.

Find the equivalent capacitances of the combinations shown in figure between the indicated points.

Three capacitors of capacitances 6 µF each are available. The minimum and maximum capacitances, which may be obtained are

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