Topics
Number System
Number System (Including Estimation and Approximation)
Number System(Consolidating the Sense of Numberness)
Theme 1 : Numbers
Estimation
Theme 2 : Ratio, Proportion and Arithmetic Problems
Numbers in Indian and International Systems (With Comparison)
Ratio and Proportion
Algebra
Natural Numbers and Whole Numbers (Including Number Line and Patterns)
Numbers in India and International System (With Comparison)
Theme 3 : Algebra
Theme 4 : Geometry
Place Value
Negative Numbers and Integers
Geometry
Mensuration
Theme 5 : Mensuration
Natural Numbers and Whole Numbers (Including Patterns)
Sets
Data Handling
Fractions
Theme 6 : Statistics
Negative Numbers and Integers
Decimal Fractions
Number Line
HCF and LCM
Playing with Numbers (Including H.C.F. and L.C.M.)
Playing with Numbers
- Simplification of Brackets
- Finding Factors Using Rectangular Arrangements and Division
- Factors and Common Factors
- Multiples and Common Multiples
- Concept of Even and Odd Number
- Tests for Divisibility of Numbers
- Divisibility by 2
- Divisibility by 4
- Divisibility by 8
- Divisibility by 3
- Divisibility by 6
- Divisibility by 9
- Divisibility by 5
- Divisibility by 11
Ratio and Proportion (Including Unitary Method)
Percent (Percentage)
Sets
Ratio
Idea of Speed, Distance and Time
Fundamental Concepts (With operations on Algebraic Expressions)
Proportion (Including Word Problems)
Unitary Method
Framing Algebraic Expressions (Including Substitution and Linear Equations)
Fundamental Concepts (Including Angles and their Properties)
Fractions
- Concept of Fraction
- Types of Fractions
- Concept of Proper and Improper Fractions
- Concept of Mixed Fractions
- Like and Unlike Fraction
- Concept of Equivalent Fractions
- Conversion between Improper and Mixed fraction
- Conversion between Unlike and Like Fractions
- Simplest Form of a Fractions
- Comparing Fractions
- Addition of Fraction
- Subtraction of Fraction
- Multiplication of Fraction
- Division of Fractions
- Using Operator 'Of' with Multiplication and Division
- BODMAS Rule
- Problems Based on Fraction
Triangles (Including Types and Properties of Triangles)
Decimal Fractions
Quadrilaterals
Percent (Percentage)
Circles
Idea of Speed, Distance and Time
Constructions
Symmetry
Fundamental Concepts
Fundamental Operations (Related to Algebraic Expressions)
Substitution (Including Use of Brackets as Grouping Symbols)
Recognition of Solids
Framing Algebraic Expressions (Including Evaluation)
Perimeter and Area of Plane Figures
Simple (Linear) Equations (Including Word Problems)
Data Handling (Including Mean and Median)
Fundamental Concepts
Angles (With Their Types)
Properties of Angles and Lines (Including Parallel Lines)
Triangles (Including Types, Properties and Constructions)
Quadrilateral
Polygons
The Circle
Symmetry (Including Constructions on Symmetry)
Recognition of Solids
Perimeter and Area of Plane Figures
Data Handling (Including Pictograph and Bar Graph)
Mean and Median
- Introduction
- Row Method
- Column Method
- Example 1
- Example 2
- Example 3
- Example 4
- Key Points Summary
Introduction
Subtraction of polynomials is a similar process to adding polynomials, with the main difference being the handling of negative signs. When subtracting polynomials, we need to carefully change the signs of the terms being subtracted before combining like terms.
There are two common methods for subtracting polynomials:
-
Row Method
-
Column Method
Row Method
-
Enclose the subtracted expression in brackets and prefix it with a minus sign.
-
Remove the brackets by changing the sign of each term inside the bracket.
-
Combine the like terms
Column Method
-
Rewrite the expressions in two rows (lines), placing the terms of the expression to be subtracted in the second row and aligning like terms vertically.
-
Change the signs of each term in the lower row (subtracting the terms).
-
Add column-wise
Example 1
Subtract 3a − 4b + 5c from 4a − b + 6c.
Solution:
4a − b + 6c − (3a − 4b + 5c) [Step 1.]
= 4a − b + 6c − 3a + 4b − 5c [Step 2]
= 4a − 3a − b + 4b + 6c − 5c [Step 3]
= a + 3b + c
Example 2
5x² − 7x + 4 and −3x² + 5x + 2, subtract x² + x + 1.
Solution:
(5x² − 7x + 4) + (−3x² + 5x + 2) − (x² + x + 1)
= 5x² − 7x + 4 - 3x² + 5x + 2 - x² − x − 1
= 5x² − 3x² − x² − 7x + 5x − x + 4 + 2 − 1
= 5x² − 4x² − 8x + 5x + 6 − 1
= x² − 3x + 5
Example 3
Subtract 3a − 4b + 5c from 4a − b + 6c.
Step 1: 4a − b + 6c
3a − 4b + 5c
Step 2: − + −
Step 3: a + 3b + c
Example 4
5x² − 7x + 4 and −3x² + 5x + 2, subtract x² + x + 1.
5x² − 7x + 4
− 3x² + 5x + 2 Add
2x² − 2x + 6
x² + x + 1
− − −
x² − 3x + 5 Subtract
Key Points Summary
-
Always flip signs when removing brackets preceded by a minus.
-
Align like terms in columns for neat addition.
-
Check your work by reversing the subtraction as addition of the opposite.
