Topics
Rational Numbers
- Rational Numbers
- Closure Property of Rational Numbers
- Commutative Property of Rational Numbers
- Associative Property of Rational Numbers
- Distributive Property of Multiplication Over Addition for Rational Numbers
- Identity of Addition and Multiplication of Rational Numbers
- Negative Or Additive Inverse of Rational Numbers
- Concept of Reciprocals or Multiplicative Inverses
- Rational Numbers on a Number Line
- Rational Numbers Between Two Rational Numbers
- Multiples and Common Multiples
Linear Equations in One Variable
- Constants and Variables in Mathematics
- Equation in Mathematics
- Expressions with Variables
- Word Problems on Linear Equations
- Solving Equations Which Have Linear Expressions on One Side and Numbers on the Other Side
- Some Applications Solving Equations Which Have Linear Expressions on One Side and Numbers on the Other Side
- Solving Equations Having the Variable on Both Sides
- Some More Applications on the Basis of Solving Equations Having the Variable on Both Sides
- Reducing Equations to Simpler Form
- Equations Reducible to Linear Equations
Understanding Quadrilaterals
- Concept of Curves
- Different Types of Curves - Closed Curve, Open Curve, Simple Curve.
- Basic Concept of Polygons
- Classification of Polygons
- Properties of Quadrilateral
- Sum of Interior Angles of a Polygon
- Sum of Exterior Angles of a Polygon
- Quadrilaterals
- Properties of Trapezium
- Properties of Kite
- Properties of a Parallelogram
- Properties of Rhombus
- Property: The Opposite Sides of a Parallelogram Are of Equal Length.
- Property: The Opposite Angles of a Parallelogram Are of Equal Measure.
- Property: The adjacent angles in a parallelogram are supplementary.
- Property: The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other. (at the point of their intersection)
- Property: The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular bisectors of one another.
- Property: The Diagonals of a Rectangle Are of Equal Length.
- Properties of Rectangle
- Properties of a Square
- Property: The diagonals of a square are perpendicular bisectors of each other.
Data Handling
Practical Geometry
- Geometric Tool
- Constructing a Quadrilateral When the Lengths of Four Sides and a Diagonal Are Given
- Constructing a Quadrilateral When Two Diagonals and Three Sides Are Given
- Constructing a Quadrilateral When Two Adjacent Sides and Three Angles Are Known
- Constructing a Quadrilateral When Three Sides and Two Included Angles Are Given
- Some Special Cases
Squares and Square Roots
- Concept of Square Number
- Properties of Square Numbers
- Some More Interesting Patterns of Square Number
- Finding the Square of a Number
- Concept of Square Roots
- Finding Square Root Through Repeated Subtraction
- Finding Square Root Through Prime Factorisation
- Finding Square Root by Division Method
- Square Root of Decimal Numbers
- Estimating Square Root
Cubes and Cube Roots
Comparing Quantities
- Ratio
- Increase Or Decrease as Percent
- Concept of Discount
- Estimation in Percentages
- Basic Concepts of Profit and Loss
- Calculation of Interest
- Concept of Compound Interest
- Deducing a Formula for Compound Interest
- Rate Compounded Annually Or Half Yearly (Semi Annually)
- Applications of Compound Interest Formula
Algebraic Expressions and Identities
- Algebraic Expressions
- Terms, Factors and Coefficients of Expression
- Classification of Terms in Algebra
- Addition of Algebraic Expressions
- Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions
- Multiplication of Algebraic Expressions
- Multiplying Monomial by Monomials
- Multiplying a Monomial by a Binomial
- Multiplying a Monomial by a Trinomial
- Multiplying a Binomial by a Binomial
- Multiplying a Binomial by a Trinomial
- Concept of Identity
- Expansion of (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
- Expansion of (a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2
- Expansion of (a + b)(a - b) = a2-b2
- Expansion of (x + a)(x + b)
Mensuration
Exponents and Powers
Visualizing Solid Shapes
Direct and Inverse Proportions
Factorization
- Factors and Common Factors
- Factorising Algebraic Expressions
- Factorisation by Taking Out Common Factors
- Factorisation by Regrouping Terms
- Factorisation Using Identities
- Factors of the Form (x + a)(x + b)
- Dividing a Monomial by a Monomial
- Dividing a Polynomial by a Monomial
- Dividing a Polynomial by a Polynomial
- Concept of Find the Error
Introduction to Graphs
Playing with Numbers
Definition
Negative Exponent: A negative exponent means how many times to divide by the number.
Notes
Powers with Negative Exponents:
A negative exponent means how many times to divide by the number.
103 = 10 × 10 × 10 = 1000
102 = 10 × 10 = 100
101 = 10 = `100/10`
10° = 1 = `10/10`
As the exponent decreases by 1, the value becomes one-tenth of the previous value.
10-1 = `1/10`
10-2 = `1/10 ÷ 10 = 1/10 xx 1/10 = 1/100 = 1/10^2`
10-3 = `1/100 ÷ 10 = 1/100 xx 1/10 = 1/1000 = 1/10^3`.
In general, we can say that for any non-zero integer a, a- m = `1/a^m`, where m is a positive integer. a- m is the multiplicative inverse of am.
Integer with negative exponent:
`2^(-3) = (1/2)^3`
Step 1: Reciprocal of the integer 2 is `1/2`.
Step 2: Negative exponent becomes a positive exponent.
Fractions with negative exponents:
`(2/7)^(-3) = (7/2)^3`
Step 1: Reciprocal of the fraction `2/7 "is" 7/2.`
Step 2: Negative exponent becomes a positive exponent.
Example
Find the multiplicative inverse of the following.
2– 4
`2^(-4) = (1/2)^4`
Example
Find the multiplicative inverse of the following.
10– 5
10– 5 = `(1/10)^5`.
Example
Find the multiplicative inverse of the following.
10– 100
10– 100 = `(1/10)^(100)`
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