Topics
Rational Numbers
- Rational Numbers
- Closure Property of Rational Numbers
- Commutative Property of Rational Numbers
- Associative Property of Rational Numbers
- Distributive Property of Multiplication Over Addition for Rational Numbers
- Identity of Addition and Multiplication of Rational Numbers
- Negative Or Additive Inverse of Rational Numbers
- Concept of Reciprocals or Multiplicative Inverses
- Rational Numbers on a Number Line
- Rational Numbers Between Two Rational Numbers
- Multiples and Common Multiples
Linear Equations in One Variable
- Constants and Variables in Mathematics
- Equation in Mathematics
- Expressions with Variables
- Word Problems on Linear Equations
- Solving Equations Which Have Linear Expressions on One Side and Numbers on the Other Side
- Some Applications Solving Equations Which Have Linear Expressions on One Side and Numbers on the Other Side
- Solving Equations Having the Variable on Both Sides
- Some More Applications on the Basis of Solving Equations Having the Variable on Both Sides
- Reducing Equations to Simpler Form
- Equations Reducible to Linear Equations
Understanding Quadrilaterals
- Concept of Curves
- Different Types of Curves - Closed Curve, Open Curve, Simple Curve.
- Basic Concept of Polygons
- Classification of Polygons
- Properties of Quadrilateral
- Sum of Interior Angles of a Polygon
- Sum of Exterior Angles of a Polygon
- Quadrilaterals
- Properties of Trapezium
- Properties of Kite
- Properties of a Parallelogram
- Properties of Rhombus
- Property: The Opposite Sides of a Parallelogram Are of Equal Length.
- Property: The Opposite Angles of a Parallelogram Are of Equal Measure.
- Property: The adjacent angles in a parallelogram are supplementary.
- Property: The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other. (at the point of their intersection)
- Property: The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular bisectors of one another.
- Property: The Diagonals of a Rectangle Are of Equal Length.
- Properties of Rectangle
- Properties of a Square
- Property: The diagonals of a square are perpendicular bisectors of each other.
Data Handling
Practical Geometry
- Geometric Tool
- Constructing a Quadrilateral When the Lengths of Four Sides and a Diagonal Are Given
- Constructing a Quadrilateral When Two Diagonals and Three Sides Are Given
- Constructing a Quadrilateral When Two Adjacent Sides and Three Angles Are Known
- Constructing a Quadrilateral When Three Sides and Two Included Angles Are Given
- Some Special Cases
Squares and Square Roots
- Concept of Square Number
- Properties of Square Numbers
- Some More Interesting Patterns of Square Number
- Finding the Square of a Number
- Concept of Square Roots
- Finding Square Root Through Repeated Subtraction
- Finding Square Root Through Prime Factorisation
- Finding Square Root by Division Method
- Square Root of Decimal Numbers
- Estimating Square Root
Cubes and Cube Roots
Comparing Quantities
- Ratio
- Increase Or Decrease as Percent
- Concept of Discount
- Estimation in Percentages
- Basic Concepts of Profit and Loss
- Calculation of Interest
- Concept of Compound Interest
- Deducing a Formula for Compound Interest
- Rate Compounded Annually Or Half Yearly (Semi Annually)
- Applications of Compound Interest Formula
Algebraic Expressions and Identities
- Algebraic Expressions
- Terms, Factors and Coefficients of Expression
- Classification of Terms in Algebra
- Addition of Algebraic Expressions
- Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions
- Multiplication of Algebraic Expressions
- Multiplying Monomial by Monomials
- Multiplying a Monomial by a Binomial
- Multiplying a Monomial by a Trinomial
- Multiplying a Binomial by a Binomial
- Multiplying a Binomial by a Trinomial
- Concept of Identity
- Expansion of (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
- Expansion of (a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2
- Expansion of (a + b)(a - b) = a2-b2
- Expansion of (x + a)(x + b)
Mensuration
Exponents and Powers
Visualizing Solid Shapes
Direct and Inverse Proportions
Factorization
- Factors and Common Factors
- Factorising Algebraic Expressions
- Factorisation by Taking Out Common Factors
- Factorisation by Regrouping Terms
- Factorisation Using Identities
- Factors of the Form (x + a)(x + b)
- Dividing a Monomial by a Monomial
- Dividing a Polynomial by a Monomial
- Dividing a Polynomial by a Polynomial
- Concept of Find the Error
Introduction to Graphs
Playing with Numbers
- Definition: Graph
- Graph Paper
- X-axis and Y-axis
- Use of Scale
Definition
A Pictograph is a chart that uses pictures or symbols to represent data. Each picture stands for a specific number of items, making the data easy to understand at a glance.
Graph Paper
Structure of Graph Paper:
1. Grid Formation:
Graph paper consists of a network of bold and faint lines.
The bold lines represent larger units, while the faint lines divide these units into smaller, equal parts.
2. Purpose of the Grid:
This structure helps in choosing a suitable scale.
It also assists in drawing accurate columns or bars based on data values.
3. Axes on Graph Paper:
A horizontal line is drawn near the bottom edge of the paper, known as the X-axis.
On the left side, draw a vertical line perpendicular to the X-axis, which we call the Y-axis.
Example:
The following information is to be represented as a bar graph: The number of different types of vehicles is: 5, 15, 25, and 30. Use the X-axis to represent the types of vehicles. Use the Y-axis to represent the number of vehicles. Take a scale of 5 vehicles = 1 big unit.
Shaalaa.com | Selecting Right Scale
Series: Concept of Bar Graph
Related QuestionsVIEW ALL [61]
The performance of students in 1st Term and 2nd Term is given. Draw a double bar graph choosing appropriate scale and answer the following:
| Subject | English | Hindi | Maths | Science | S. science |
| 1st Term (M.M. 100) | 67 | 72 | 88 | 81 | 73 |
| 2nd Term (M.M. 100) | 70 | 65 | 95 | 85 | 75 |
- In which subject, has the child improved his performance the most?
- In which subject is the improvement the least?
- Has the performance gone down in any subject?
Take the data giving the minimum and the maximum temperature of various cities given in the following table:
| Temperatures of the cities as on 20.6.2006 | ||
| City | Max. | Min. |
| Ahmedabad | 38ºC | 29ºC |
| Amritsar | 37ºC | 26ºC |
| Banglore | 28ºC | 21ºC |
| Chennai | 36ºC | 27ºC |
| Delhi | 38ºC | 28ºC |
| Jaipur | 39ºC | 29ºC |
| Jammu | 41ºC | 26ºC |
| Mumbai | 32ºC | 27ºC |
Plot a double bar graph using the data and answer the following:
- Which city has the largest difference in the minimum and maximum temperature on the given date?
- Which is the hottest city and which is the coldest city?
- Name two cities where maximum temperature of one was less than the minimum temperature of the other.
- Name the city which has the least difference between its minimum and the maximum temperature.
