Topics
Number Systems
Number Systems
Algebra
Polynomials
Linear Equations in Two Variables
Algebraic Expressions
Algebraic Identities
Coordinate Geometry
Geometry
Introduction to Euclid’S Geometry
Lines and Angles
Triangles
Quadrilaterals
- Concept of Quadrilaterals - Sides, Adjacent Sides, Opposite Sides, Angle, Adjacent Angles and Opposite Angles
- Angle Sum Property of a Quadrilateral
- Types of Quadrilaterals
- Theorem: A Diagonal of a Parallelogram Divides It into Two Congruent Triangles.
- Another Condition for a Quadrilateral to Be a Parallelogram
- The Mid-point Theorem
- Theorem: A Diagonal of a Parallelogram Divides It into Two Congruent Triangles.
- Property: The Opposite Sides of a Parallelogram Are of Equal Length.
- Theorem : If Each Pair of Opposite Sides of a Quadrilateral is Equal, Then It is a Parallelogram.
- Property: The Opposite Angles of a Parallelogram Are of Equal Measure.
- Theorem: If in a Quadrilateral, Each Pair of Opposite Angles is Equal, Then It is a Parallelogram.
- Property: The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other. (at the point of their intersection)
- Theorem : If the Diagonals of a Quadrilateral Bisect Each Other, Then It is a Parallelogram
Area
Circles
- Concept of Circle - Centre, Radius, Diameter, Arc, Sector, Chord, Segment, Semicircle, Circumference, Interior and Exterior, Concentric Circles
- Angle Subtended by a Chord at a Point
- Perpendicular from the Centre to a Chord
- Circles Passing Through One, Two, Three Points
- Equal Chords and Their Distances from the Centre
- Angle Subtended by an Arc of a Circle
- Cyclic Quadrilateral
Constructions
Mensuration
Areas - Heron’S Formula
Surface Areas and Volumes
Statistics and Probability
Statistics
Probability
notes
Heron was born in about 10AD possibly in Alexandria in Egypt. He worked in applied mathematics. His geometrical works deal largely with problems on mensuration written in three books. In this book, Heron has derived the famous formula for the area of a triangle in terms of its three sides.
The formula given by Heron about the area of a triangle, is also known as Hero’s formula. It is stated as:
| Area of a triangle = `sqrt (s(s-a) (s - b)(s-c))` |
where a, b and c are the sides of the triangle, and s = semi-perimeter, i.e., half the perimeter of the triangle = `(a + b + c) /2`,
For instances, Let us take a = 40 m, b = 24 m, c = 32 m,
so that we have s = `(40 + 24 + 32 )/ 2` m
= 48 m
s - a = (48 - 40) m = 8m
s - b = (48 - 24)m = 24 m
s - c = (48 - 32 ) m = 16 m
Therefore, area of the park ABC
`= sqrt (s(s - a) (s - b) (s - c))`
`= sqrt (48 * 8 * 24 * 16) m^2 = 384 m^2`
description
- Collinearity of three points
