Topics
Basic Concepts in Economics
- Branches of Science
- Natural Science
- Social Science
- Concept of Economics
- Kautilya's Views on Economics
- Types of Economic Systems
- Capitalism
- Socialism
- Mixed Economy
- Branches of Economics
- Microeconomics
- Basic Concepts of Microeconomics > Want
- Basic Concepts of Microeconomics > Goods and Services
- Basic Concepts of Microeconomics > Utility
- Basic Concepts of Microeconomics > Value
- Basic Concepts of Microeconomics > Wealth
- Microeconomics > Personal Income
- Basic Concepts of Microeconomics > Personal Disposable Income
- Microeconomics > Economic Activity
- Types of Income
- Concept of Economic Good
- Macroeconomics
- Cyclical Unemployment
- Difference Between Economic Growth and Economic Development
Money
Partition Values
The Economy of Maharashtra
- Formation and Economic Progress of Maharashtra
- Administrative Divisions of Maharashtra
- Important Features of the Economy of Maharashtra
- Economic Development of Maharashtra
- Agricultural Sector
- Industrial Growth in Maharashtra
- Service Sector
- Core Areas of Service Sector
- Economic Infrastructure of Maharashtra
- Social Infrastructure of Maharashtra
- Measures for Social Infrastructure: Education
- Measures for Social Infrastructure: Health Services
- Co – operative Movement in Maharashtra
- Symbols of Educational Schemes in India
- Tourism in Maharashtra
- Hospitality
- Entertainment Industry
Rural Development in India
Population in India
- Concept of Population in India
- Trends in Population Growth
- Theories of Population Growth
- Population Explosion in India
- Types of Population Based on Resource Availability
- Birth Rate
- Death Rate
- Survival Rate
- Legal Age of Marriage for Males and Females in Different Countries
- The Population as a Human Resource
- Role of Human Resources in Economic Development
Unemployment in India
- Concept of Unemployment
- Important Terms of Employment and Unemployment
- Types of Unemployment
- Rural Unemployment
- Urban Unemployment
- Extent of Unemployment in India
- State-Wise Unemployment Rates in India
- Causes of Unemployment
- General Measures to Reduce Unemployment
- Effects of Unemployment
- Government Measures for Employment Generation
Poverty in India
- Concept of Poverty in India
- Prof. Amartya Sen’s Views on Poverty
- Multi-dimensional Poverty
- Key Concepts of Poverty
- Countries with Highest Extreme Poverty Rates
- Poverty Line
- Informal Sector and Related Activities
- Income Pyramid
- Types of Poverty
- Extent of Poverty in India
- Estimates of Poverty
- Causes of Poverty
- Effects of Poverty
- Sustainable Development Goals
- Understanding Maharashtra’s Tri Colour Family Ration Cards
- Eradication of Poverty
- Poverty Alleviation Programmes and Their Target Sectors
- Tracking Anti-Poverty Efforts
Economic Policy of India since 1991
- Economic Transition of India
- Main Objectives of the Economic Policy of 1991
- Features of the Economic Policy of 1991
- Public Bank Vs Private Banks Vs Foreign Banks
- Components of New Economic Policy
- Liberalisation
- Privatisation
- Globalisation
- Evaluation of the Economic Policy of 1991
- Corporate Social Responsibility
Economic Planning in India
- India’s Planning Commission
- Economic Planning in India
- Overview of the Bombay, People’s, and Gandhian Plans
- Features of Economic Planning
- Five Year Plans (FYP)
- 12th Five Year Plan (2012-2017)
- Levels of National Family Health Survey (NFHS)
- NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India)
- Planning Commission VS NITI Aayog
- Meaning
- Calculation
- Application
- Real-Life Application
- Key Point Summary
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Meaning
- Percentiles are values that divide a sorted data set into 100 equal parts.
- There are 99 percentiles (P₁, P₂, ..., P₉₉), each marking a dividing point.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Calculation
A. For Individual or Discrete Data
Formula:
\[\mathrm{P}_k=\mathrm{size~of}k\left(\frac{n+1}{100}\right)^\text{th Observation}\] k = 1, 2,... 99
Where:
- k = Percentile number (1 to 99)
- n = Total number of observations
B. For Grouped/Continuous Data
Formula:
\[\mathbf{P}_k=l+\left(\frac{\frac{kn}{100}-cf}{f}\right)\times h\] k = 1, 2,... 99
Where
P = Percentile
l = Lower limit of percentile class
f = Frequency of percentile class
cf = Cumulative frequency of class preceding percentile class
h = Upper limit of the class – lower limit of the percentile class.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Application
Percentiles are widely used to interpret test results, health indicators, income or wealth levels, and in comparing student scores or benchmarks across populations.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Real-Life Application
Think of a school marathon: If a runner is at the 47th percentile, they ran faster than 47% of other runners.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Key Point Summary
- Percentiles are positional stats dividing data into 100 parts.
- Calculation differs for individual/discrete and grouped/continuous data.
- Used for comparing performance (tests, income, health, etc.).
Test Yourself
Related QuestionsVIEW ALL [2]
Solve the following :
Find out P50 for the following data.
| Wages (in ₹) (x) | Number of workers |
| 0-20 | 4 |
| 20-40 | 6 |
| 40-60 | 10 |
| 60-80 | 25 |
| 80-100 | 15 |
Solve the following :
Calculate P15 for the following data.
| Investment (₹ in lakhs) | 0-10 | 10-20 | 20-30 | 30-40 | 40-50 | 50-60 |
| No. of firms | 5 | 10 | 25 | 30 | 20 | 10 |
