Extent of Poverty in India

Poverty in India is measured using the poverty ratio, which is the proportion of people living below the poverty line compared to the total population. The poverty line is set based on the minimum income required to meet basic food, clothing, and shelter needs.

• Since 1962, the Planning Commission (now NITI Aayog) has set up multiple working groups, task forces, and expert committees to estimate poverty.
• Studies have been conducted by economists and research institutions to track trends and assess the effectiveness of poverty alleviation programs.

• In rural Bihar, a farmer earning less than ₹1,000 per month may not afford proper education for children or nutritious food, representing a real-life instance of poverty.
• Government schemes like MGNREGA (employment guarantee scheme) provide 100 days of wage employment per year to rural households, helping them lift some families above the poverty line.

• Poverty Ratio: Measures the proportion of people below the poverty line.
• Measurement Bodies: Planning Commission/NITI Aayog, economists, and research institutes.
• Major Findings: Higher in rural areas; SCs, STs, and minorities are most affected.
• Government Interventions: MGNREGA, Public Distribution System (PDS), National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP).
• Objective: Reduce poverty, improve living standards, and ensure basic needs for all.