Topics
Human Geography - Nature and Scope
- Introduction to Human Geography Nature and Scopes
- Nature of Human Geography
- Scopes of Human Geography
- Overview of Human Geography - Nature and Scope
Population : Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition
- Distribution of Population in India
- Density of Population
- Regional Variation in Population Growth
- Population Composition
- Promoting Gender Sensitivity
- Overview of Population : Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition
Fundamentals of Human Geography
Data – Its Source and Compilation
- What is Data?
- Need of Data
- Presentation of Data
- Sources of Data
- Sources of Data - Primary
- Sources of Data - Secondary
- Tabulation and Classification of Data
- Data Compilation and Presentation
- Processing of Data
- Grouping of Data
- Process of Classification
- Overview of Data – Its Source and Compilation
Human Settlements
- Human Settlements
- Concept of Rural Settlements
- Types of Rural Settlements
- Concept of Urban Settlements
- Urbanisation in India
- Overview of Human Settlements
India - People and Economy
The World Population - Distribution, Density and Growth
- The World Population - Distribution, Density and Growth
- Patterns of Population Distribution in the World
- Density of Population
- Factors Influencing the Distribution of the Population
- Doubling Time of World Population
- Spatial Pattern of Population Change
- Impact of Population Change
- Theories of Population Growth
- Population Control Measures
- Overview of The World Population - Distribution, Density and Growth
Data Processing
- Mode
- Comparison of Mean, Median and Mode
- Methods of Measuring Dispersion
- Rank Correlation
- Direction of Correlation
- Method of Calculating Correlation
- Degree of Correlation
- Overview of Data Processing
Graphical Representation of Data
- General Rules for Drawing Graphs, Diagram and Maps
- Construction of Diagrams
- Classification of Thematic Maps Based on Method of Construction
- Overview of Graphical Representation of Data
Human Development
- Concept of Human Development
- Growth and Development
- Four Pillars of Human Development
- Approaches of Human Development
- Measuring Human Development
- International Comparisons
- Overview of Human Development
Geography Practical II
Land Resources and Agriculture
- Land Resources and Agriculture
- Land Uses Categories
- Land Use Changes in India
- Common Property Resources
- Agriculture Land Use in India
- Agricultural Development in India
- Problems of Indian Agriculture
- Overview of Land Resources and Agriculture
Spatial Information Technology
- Spatial Information Technology
- Geographical Information System (GIS)
- Advantage of GIS Over Manual Methods
- Components of GIS
- Spatial Data Formats
- Sequences of GIS Activities
- Overview of Spatial Information Technology
Water Resources
- Concept of Water Resources
- Water Resources of India
- Deterioration of Water Quality
- Water Conservation Practices > Watershed Management
- Overview of Water Resources
Primary Activities
- Introduction to Primary Activities
- Hunting and Gathering
- Pastoralism
- Agriculture
- Mining
- Overview of Primary Activities
Mineral and Energy Resources
- Mineral and Energy Resources
- Types of Minerals in India
- Distribution of Minerals in India
- Conservation of Minerals
- Overview of Mineral and Energy Resources
Secondary Activities
- Introduction to Secondary Activities
- Manufacturing
- Household Industries Or Cottage Manufacturing
- Industries Based on Ownership
- Overview of Secondary Activities
Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context
Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
- Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
- Types of Tertiary Activities
- People Engaged in Tertiary Activities
- Some Selected Examples
- Quaternary Activities
- Quinary Activities
- The Digital Divide
- Overview of Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
Transport and Communication
- Communication
- Land Transport
- Oil and Gases Pipelines
- Communication Networks
- Overview of Transport and Communication
Transport and Communication
- Communication
- Transport
- Mode of Transport
- Water Transport
- Air Transport
- Pipelines
- Overview of Transport and Communication
International Trade
- Concept of Trade
- Changing Pattern of the Composition of India's Exports
- Changing Patterns of the Composition of India's Import
- Sea Ports as Gateways of International Trade
- Air Routes of International Trade
- Overview of International Trade
International Trade
- Concept of Trade
- History of International Trade
- Gateway of International Trade
- Overview of International Trade
Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
- Urban Waste Disposal
- Rural-urban Migration
- Problems of Slums
- Land Degradation
- Overview of Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
- Malthusian Theory of Population Growth
- Malthusian Growth Concept
- Population Checks
- Table
- Theory of Demographic Transition
- The Three Stages
- Birth and Death Rate Trend in India (per 1000 people)
- Real-Life Application
- Key Point Summary
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Malthusian Theory of Population Growth
Thomas Robert Malthus proposed the Malthusian theory in 1798 in his essay “An Essay on the Principle of Population”.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Malthusian Growth Concept
- Population Growth: Grows geometrically (e.g., 2, 4, 8, 16).
- Food Supply Growth: Grows arithmetically (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4).
- Imbalance: Population outpaces food supply, creating scarcity.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Population Checks
- Preventive Checks: Actions to slow birth rate (late marriage, moral restraint).
- Positive Checks: Natural factors raise death rate (floods, famine, disease).
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Table
| Time Period | Population | Food Supply |
|---|---|---|
| Year 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Year 2 | 4 | 2 |
| Year 3 | 8 | 3 |
| Year 4 | 16 | 4 |
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Theory of Demographic Transition
Given by A.J. Coale and E.M. Hoover in 1958, this theory explains how population patterns shift as a nation develops.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
The Three Stages
| Stage/Feature | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| First: Low Growth | High birth and high death rates, little overall population growth | India before 1921 |
| Second: High Growth | Death rate starts falling, birth rate remains high, population “explosion” | Developing India today |
| Third: Low/Stable | Both birth and death rates are low; population growth stabilises. | Developed countries |
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Birth and Death Rate Trend in India (per 1000 people)
| Year | Birth Rate | Death Rate |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 49.2 | 42.6 |
| 1951 | 41.7 | 22.8 |
| 2011 | 20.97 | 7.48 |
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Real-Life Application
Imagine a town: Every year, twice as many people are born, but only one extra bag of rice is grown each year. Soon, there’s not enough rice for everyone.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Key Point Summary
- If the population keeps growing faster than food resources, natural or social disasters (“positive checks”) kick in to restore balance.
- India is currently in Stage 2, with high population growth but falling birth and death rates.
Test Yourself
Related QuestionsVIEW ALL [1]
Find out Q3 from the given data.
(Use the population figures as numerical data)
| Year | Population (in Crores) |
| 1951 | 36.1 |
| 1961 | 43.9 |
| 1971 | 54.8 |
| 1981 | 68.3 |
| 1991 | 84.6 |
| 2001 | 102.7 |
| 2011 | 121.02 |
