Topics
Human Geography - Nature and Scope
- Introduction to Human Geography Nature and Scopes
- Nature of Human Geography
- Scopes of Human Geography
- Overview of Human Geography - Nature and Scope
Population : Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition
- Distribution of Population in India
- Density of Population
- Regional Variation in Population Growth
- Population Composition
- Promoting Gender Sensitivity
- Overview of Population : Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition
Fundamentals of Human Geography
Data – Its Source and Compilation
- What is Data?
- Need of Data
- Presentation of Data
- Sources of Data
- Sources of Data - Primary
- Sources of Data - Secondary
- Tabulation and Classification of Data
- Data Compilation and Presentation
- Processing of Data
- Grouping of Data
- Process of Classification
- Overview of Data – Its Source and Compilation
Human Settlements
- Human Settlements
- Concept of Rural Settlements
- Types of Rural Settlements
- Concept of Urban Settlements
- Urbanisation in India
- Overview of Human Settlements
India - People and Economy
The World Population - Distribution, Density and Growth
- The World Population - Distribution, Density and Growth
- Patterns of Population Distribution in the World
- Density of Population
- Factors Influencing the Distribution of the Population
- Doubling Time of World Population
- Spatial Pattern of Population Change
- Impact of Population Change
- Theories of Population Growth
- Population Control Measures
- Overview of The World Population - Distribution, Density and Growth
Data Processing
- Mode
- Comparison of Mean, Median and Mode
- Methods of Measuring Dispersion
- Rank Correlation
- Direction of Correlation
- Method of Calculating Correlation
- Degree of Correlation
- Overview of Data Processing
Graphical Representation of Data
- General Rules for Drawing Graphs, Diagram and Maps
- Construction of Diagrams
- Classification of Thematic Maps Based on Method of Construction
- Overview of Graphical Representation of Data
Human Development
- Concept of Human Development
- Growth and Development
- Four Pillars of Human Development
- Approaches of Human Development
- Measuring Human Development
- International Comparisons
- Overview of Human Development
Geography Practical II
Land Resources and Agriculture
- Land Resources and Agriculture
- Land Uses Categories
- Land Use Changes in India
- Common Property Resources
- Agriculture Land Use in India
- Agricultural Development in India
- Problems of Indian Agriculture
- Overview of Land Resources and Agriculture
Spatial Information Technology
- Spatial Information Technology
- Geographical Information System (GIS)
- Advantage of GIS Over Manual Methods
- Components of GIS
- Spatial Data Formats
- Sequences of GIS Activities
- Overview of Spatial Information Technology
Water Resources
- Concept of Water Resources
- Water Resources of India
- Deterioration of Water Quality
- Water Conservation Practices > Watershed Management
- Overview of Water Resources
Primary Activities
- Introduction to Primary Activities
- Hunting and Gathering
- Pastoralism
- Agriculture
- Mining
- Overview of Primary Activities
Mineral and Energy Resources
- Mineral and Energy Resources
- Types of Minerals in India
- Distribution of Minerals in India
- Conservation of Minerals
- Overview of Mineral and Energy Resources
Secondary Activities
- Introduction to Secondary Activities
- Manufacturing
- Household Industries Or Cottage Manufacturing
- Industries Based on Ownership
- Overview of Secondary Activities
Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context
Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
- Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
- Types of Tertiary Activities
- People Engaged in Tertiary Activities
- Some Selected Examples
- Quaternary Activities
- Quinary Activities
- The Digital Divide
- Overview of Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
Transport and Communication
- Communication
- Land Transport
- Oil and Gases Pipelines
- Communication Networks
- Overview of Transport and Communication
Transport and Communication
- Communication
- Transport
- Mode of Transport
- Water Transport
- Air Transport
- Pipelines
- Overview of Transport and Communication
International Trade
- Concept of Trade
- Changing Pattern of the Composition of India's Exports
- Changing Patterns of the Composition of India's Import
- Sea Ports as Gateways of International Trade
- Air Routes of International Trade
- Overview of International Trade
International Trade
- Concept of Trade
- History of International Trade
- Gateway of International Trade
- Overview of International Trade
Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
- Urban Waste Disposal
- Rural-urban Migration
- Problems of Slums
- Land Degradation
- Overview of Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
Estimated time: 9 minutes
CBSE: Class 12
Key Points: Types of Rural and Urban Settlements
- Types of rural settlements depend on the extent of built-up area and distance between houses, influenced by physical, cultural and security factors.
- Clustered (Nucleated) Settlements: Houses are closely built together and separated from farms. Common in Northern Plains and fertile areas.
- Semi-Clustered Settlements: Part of the population lives slightly away from the main village, often due to social or caste differences. Found in Gujarat and Rajasthan.
- Hamleted Settlements: A large village is divided into small units (like panna, para, dhani, etc.) due to social and ethnic reasons. Found in Ganga Plains and Chhattisgarh.
- Dispersed Settlements: Houses are scattered or isolated, usually in hilly, forest or rugged areas like Meghalaya, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
- Urban settlements are larger and compact, and people mainly work in non-agricultural activities like trade, industry and administration.
- According to Census 1991, a place is urban if it has:
i. Minimum 5,000 population
ii. 75% male workers in non-agriculture
iii. Population density of 400 persons per sq km
iv. Municipality or similar local body.
CBSE: Class 12
Key Points: Evolution of Towns in India
- Towns have existed in India since prehistoric times, especially during the Indus Valley Civilization, with examples like Harappa and Mohenjodaro.
- Indian towns are classified on the basis of evolution into Ancient, Medieval and Modern towns.
- Ancient towns are more than 2000 years old and mainly developed as religious and cultural centres, e.g. Varanasi, Prayag (Allahabad), Patna and Madurai.
- Medieval towns developed as fort towns and headquarters of kingdoms, often built on the ruins of ancient towns, e.g. Delhi, Jaipur, Agra, Lucknow and Hyderabad.
- Modern towns developed mainly during British rule and after independence. Examples include Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata (British centres), industrial towns like Jamshedpur, and planned administrative towns like Chandigarh and Gandhinagar.
CBSE: Class 12
Key Points: Urbanisation in India
- Urbanisation means the percentage of urban population to total population. In 2011, India’s urban population was 31.16%, which is low compared to developed countries.
- Urban population has increased rapidly due to growth of cities and emergence of new towns, though the rate of urbanisation has slowed in recent decades.
- Towns are functionally classified based on their dominant activities, such as administrative, industrial, transport, commercial, mining, cantonment, educational, religious and tourist towns.
- Examples include:
Administrative – New Delhi, Chandigarh
Industrial – Mumbai, Jamshedpur
Transport – Kandla, Agra
Religious – Varanasi, Amritsar
Tourist – Shimla, Ooty - The Smart Cities Mission aims to develop cities with better infrastructure, a sustainable environment and improved quality of life using modern and smart solutions.
