Topics
Human Geography - Nature and Scope
- Introduction to Human Geography Nature and Scopes
- Nature of Human Geography
- Scopes of Human Geography
- Overview of Human Geography - Nature and Scope
Population : Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition
- Distribution of Population in India
- Density of Population
- Regional Variation in Population Growth
- Population Composition
- Promoting Gender Sensitivity
- Overview of Population : Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition
Fundamentals of Human Geography
Data – Its Source and Compilation
- What is Data?
- Need of Data
- Presentation of Data
- Sources of Data
- Sources of Data - Primary
- Sources of Data - Secondary
- Tabulation and Classification of Data
- Data Compilation and Presentation
- Processing of Data
- Grouping of Data
- Process of Classification
- Overview of Data – Its Source and Compilation
Human Settlements
- Human Settlements
- Concept of Rural Settlements
- Types of Rural Settlements
- Concept of Urban Settlements
- Urbanisation in India
- Overview of Human Settlements
India - People and Economy
The World Population - Distribution, Density and Growth
- The World Population - Distribution, Density and Growth
- Patterns of Population Distribution in the World
- Density of Population
- Factors Influencing the Distribution of the Population
- Doubling Time of World Population
- Spatial Pattern of Population Change
- Impact of Population Change
- Theories of Population Growth
- Population Control Measures
- Overview of The World Population - Distribution, Density and Growth
Data Processing
- Mode
- Comparison of Mean, Median and Mode
- Methods of Measuring Dispersion
- Rank Correlation
- Direction of Correlation
- Method of Calculating Correlation
- Degree of Correlation
- Overview of Data Processing
Graphical Representation of Data
- General Rules for Drawing Graphs, Diagram and Maps
- Construction of Diagrams
- Classification of Thematic Maps Based on Method of Construction
- Overview of Graphical Representation of Data
Human Development
- Concept of Human Development
- Growth and Development
- Four Pillars of Human Development
- Approaches of Human Development
- Measuring Human Development
- International Comparisons
- Overview of Human Development
Geography Practical II
Land Resources and Agriculture
- Land Resources and Agriculture
- Land Uses Categories
- Land Use Changes in India
- Common Property Resources
- Agriculture Land Use in India
- Agricultural Development in India
- Problems of Indian Agriculture
- Overview of Land Resources and Agriculture
Spatial Information Technology
- Spatial Information Technology
- Geographical Information System (GIS)
- Advantage of GIS Over Manual Methods
- Components of GIS
- Spatial Data Formats
- Sequences of GIS Activities
- Overview of Spatial Information Technology
Water Resources
- Concept of Water Resources
- Water Resources of India
- Deterioration of Water Quality
- Water Conservation Practices > Watershed Management
- Overview of Water Resources
Primary Activities
- Introduction to Primary Activities
- Hunting and Gathering
- Pastoralism
- Agriculture
- Mining
- Overview of Primary Activities
Mineral and Energy Resources
- Mineral and Energy Resources
- Types of Minerals in India
- Distribution of Minerals in India
- Conservation of Minerals
- Overview of Mineral and Energy Resources
Secondary Activities
- Introduction to Secondary Activities
- Manufacturing
- Household Industries Or Cottage Manufacturing
- Industries Based on Ownership
- Overview of Secondary Activities
Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context
Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
- Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
- Types of Tertiary Activities
- People Engaged in Tertiary Activities
- Some Selected Examples
- Quaternary Activities
- Quinary Activities
- The Digital Divide
- Overview of Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
Transport and Communication
- Communication
- Land Transport
- Oil and Gases Pipelines
- Communication Networks
- Overview of Transport and Communication
Transport and Communication
- Communication
- Transport
- Mode of Transport
- Water Transport
- Air Transport
- Pipelines
- Overview of Transport and Communication
International Trade
- Concept of Trade
- Changing Pattern of the Composition of India's Exports
- Changing Patterns of the Composition of India's Import
- Sea Ports as Gateways of International Trade
- Air Routes of International Trade
- Overview of International Trade
International Trade
- Concept of Trade
- History of International Trade
- Gateway of International Trade
- Overview of International Trade
Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
- Urban Waste Disposal
- Rural-urban Migration
- Problems of Slums
- Land Degradation
- Overview of Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
Estimated time: 9 minutes
CBSE: Class 12
Key Points: Types of Tertiary Activities
- Tertiary activities are service-based activities, such as trade, transport, communication, and services used in daily life.
- Trade means buying and selling goods produced elsewhere for profit. Towns and cities where trade happens are called trading centres.
- Trading centres are of two types: Rural and Urban.
Rural centres serve nearby villages and have mandis and periodic markets.
Urban centres provide both ordinary and specialised goods and services. - Retail trading means selling goods directly to consumers. It can be through shops or non-store methods like street vending, door-to-door selling, mail-order, telephone, vending machines, and internet.
- Wholesale trading means selling goods in large quantities to retailers. Wholesalers often provide credit to retailers.
- Transport is the movement of people and goods from one place to another. It increases the value of goods and is measured by distance, time distance, and cost distance.
- Communication means transfer of messages and information. Modern communication includes mobile phones, satellites, radio, television, newspapers, and the internet, which has revolutionised global communication.
CBSE: Class 12
Key Points: People Engaged in Tertiary Activities
- Most people today work in the service sector (tertiary activities), especially in developed countries. Employment in this sector is increasing, while it is decreasing in primary and secondary sectors.
- Tourism is the largest tertiary activity in the world, providing about 250 million jobs and contributing nearly 40% of total GDP globally.
- Tourism provides employment in accommodation, transport, food services, entertainment, retail shops, and craft industries (souvenirs).
- Tourist regions include Mediterranean countries, West Coast of India, mountain regions (for winter sports), scenic landscapes, national parks, and historic towns.
- Main tourist attractions include:
Climate (warm beaches or snow for skiing)
Landscape (mountains, lakes, sea coasts)
History and art (monuments, heritage sites)
Culture and low cost of living - Medical tourism means travelling to another country for medical treatment along with tourism. India is a leading country in medical tourism.
- Medical tourism and outsourcing of medical services (like MRI reports and radiology tests) bring economic benefits to countries like India, Thailand, Singapore, and Malaysia.
CBSE: Class 12
Key Points: Quaternary & Quinary Activities
- Quaternary activities are knowledge-based services involving the collection, production and distribution of information. They include research, development (R&D), IT, education, finance, and consultancy.
- The Quaternary sector is called the ‘Knowledge Sector’, and it plays a major role in developed economies where most workers are employed in information-based services.
- Quinary activities involve top-level decision making and policy making. These include senior executives, government officials, scientists, and legal and financial consultants. They are also called ‘gold collar’ professions.
- Outsourcing means giving work to an outside agency to reduce costs and increase efficiency. When work is shifted to another country, it is called offshoring.
- Countries like India, China, Philippines, and Eastern Europe benefit from outsourcing because they provide cheap and skilled labour.
- KPO (Knowledge Process Outsourcing) is different from BPO because it requires highly skilled workers. Examples include R&D, legal services, banking, IP research, and e-learning.
- The Digital Divide refers to the gap between developed and developing countries (and also between urban and rural areas) in terms of access to Information and Communication Technology (ICT).
