Topics
Human Geography - Nature and Scope
- Introduction to Human Geography Nature and Scopes
- Nature of Human Geography
- Scopes of Human Geography
- Overview of Human Geography - Nature and Scope
Population : Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition
- Distribution of Population in India
- Density of Population
- Regional Variation in Population Growth
- Population Composition
- Promoting Gender Sensitivity
- Overview of Population : Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition
Fundamentals of Human Geography
Data – Its Source and Compilation
- What is Data?
- Need of Data
- Presentation of Data
- Sources of Data
- Sources of Data - Primary
- Sources of Data - Secondary
- Tabulation and Classification of Data
- Data Compilation and Presentation
- Processing of Data
- Grouping of Data
- Process of Classification
- Overview of Data – Its Source and Compilation
Human Settlements
- Human Settlements
- Concept of Rural Settlements
- Types of Rural Settlements
- Concept of Urban Settlements
- Urbanisation in India
- Overview of Human Settlements
India - People and Economy
The World Population - Distribution, Density and Growth
- The World Population - Distribution, Density and Growth
- Patterns of Population Distribution in the World
- Density of Population
- Factors Influencing the Distribution of the Population
- Doubling Time of World Population
- Spatial Pattern of Population Change
- Impact of Population Change
- Theories of Population Growth
- Population Control Measures
- Overview of The World Population - Distribution, Density and Growth
Data Processing
- Mode
- Comparison of Mean, Median and Mode
- Methods of Measuring Dispersion
- Rank Correlation
- Direction of Correlation
- Method of Calculating Correlation
- Degree of Correlation
- Overview of Data Processing
Graphical Representation of Data
- General Rules for Drawing Graphs, Diagram and Maps
- Construction of Diagrams
- Classification of Thematic Maps Based on Method of Construction
- Overview of Graphical Representation of Data
Human Development
- Concept of Human Development
- Growth and Development
- Four Pillars of Human Development
- Approaches of Human Development
- Measuring Human Development
- International Comparisons
- Overview of Human Development
Geography Practical II
Land Resources and Agriculture
- Land Resources and Agriculture
- Land Uses Categories
- Land Use Changes in India
- Common Property Resources
- Agriculture Land Use in India
- Agricultural Development in India
- Problems of Indian Agriculture
- Overview of Land Resources and Agriculture
Spatial Information Technology
- Spatial Information Technology
- Geographical Information System (GIS)
- Advantage of GIS Over Manual Methods
- Components of GIS
- Spatial Data Formats
- Sequences of GIS Activities
- Overview of Spatial Information Technology
Water Resources
- Concept of Water Resources
- Water Resources of India
- Deterioration of Water Quality
- Water Conservation Practices > Watershed Management
- Overview of Water Resources
Primary Activities
- Introduction to Primary Activities
- Hunting and Gathering
- Pastoralism
- Agriculture
- Mining
- Overview of Primary Activities
Mineral and Energy Resources
- Mineral and Energy Resources
- Types of Minerals in India
- Distribution of Minerals in India
- Conservation of Minerals
- Overview of Mineral and Energy Resources
Secondary Activities
- Introduction to Secondary Activities
- Manufacturing
- Household Industries Or Cottage Manufacturing
- Industries Based on Ownership
- Overview of Secondary Activities
Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context
Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
- Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
- Types of Tertiary Activities
- People Engaged in Tertiary Activities
- Some Selected Examples
- Quaternary Activities
- Quinary Activities
- The Digital Divide
- Overview of Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
Transport and Communication
- Communication
- Land Transport
- Oil and Gases Pipelines
- Communication Networks
- Overview of Transport and Communication
Transport and Communication
- Communication
- Transport
- Mode of Transport
- Water Transport
- Air Transport
- Pipelines
- Overview of Transport and Communication
International Trade
- Concept of Trade
- Changing Pattern of the Composition of India's Exports
- Changing Patterns of the Composition of India's Import
- Sea Ports as Gateways of International Trade
- Air Routes of International Trade
- Overview of International Trade
International Trade
- Concept of Trade
- History of International Trade
- Gateway of International Trade
- Overview of International Trade
Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
- Urban Waste Disposal
- Rural-urban Migration
- Problems of Slums
- Land Degradation
- Overview of Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
Estimated time: 12 minutes
CBSE: Class 12
Key Points: Land Transport
- India has a huge road network (62.16 lakh km) and roads carry 85% passengers and 70% freight.
- Roads are best for short-distance travel and are classified into NH, SH, District Roads and Rural Roads.
- National Highways (NH) are built by the Centre; they connect major cities and carry 40% traffic though they form only 2% roads.
- NH length increased from 19,700 km (1951) to 1,36,440 km (2020); NHAI (1995) maintains NHs.
- Indian Railways started in 1853 and has broad, metre and narrow gauge tracks; metro rail improves urban transport.
CBSE: Class 12
Key Points: Water Transport
- Water transport is cheap, fuel-efficient and eco-friendly, ideal for heavy goods.
- India has 14,500 km navigable inland waterways (only 1% transport).
- IWAI (1986) manages inland waterways; 111 waterways declared National Waterways (2016).
- Important NWs: NW-1 (Ganga), NW-2 (Brahmaputra), NW-3 (Kerala backwaters).
- India has 7,517 km coastline, 12 major + 200 minor ports; 95% foreign trade moves by sea.
CBSE: Class 12
Key Points: Oil and Gas Pipelines
- Pipelines are the most efficient way to transport oil, gas, and slurry over long distances.
- Oil India Limited (OIL) was formed in 1959 for oil and gas exploration and transport.
- Asia’s first pipeline was built from Naharkatiya (Assam) to Barauni (Bihar) (1,157 km), extended to Kanpur (1966).
- GAIL was established in 1984 for transport and marketing of natural gas.
- The HVJ gas pipeline (1,700 km) boosted India’s gas network, which expanded to 18,500 km and may reach 34,000 km soon.
CBSE: Class 12
Key Points: Communication Networks
- Communication evolved from drums and smoke signals to post, telephone, internet and satellites.
- Science and technology made communication fast and efficient.
- Internet is the most advanced personal communication system (e-mail, e-commerce, online transactions).
- Radio started in 1923, became All India Radio (1936) and later Akashwani (1957).
- TV (1959) and satellite systems like INSAT & IRS help in communication, weather forecast and disaster management.
