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Give an Example of a Function Which is One-one but Not onto ?

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Question

Give an example of a function which is one-one but not onto ?

Sum
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Solution

which is one-one but not onto.

f: Z → Z given by f(x) = 3x + 2

Injectivity:
Let x and y be any two elements in the domain (Z), such that f(x) = f(y).

 f (x)= f(y)

⇒ 3x + 2 =3y + 2

⇒ 3x = 3y

⇒ x = y

⇒ f(x) = f(y) ⇒ x = y

So, f is one-one.

Surjectivity:
Let y be any element in the co-domain (Z), such that f(x) = y for some element x in Z(domain).

f(x) = y

 ⇒ 3x + 2 = y

⇒ 3x = y - 2

⇒ x= `(y - 2)/3`. It may not be in the domain (Z)

because if we take y = 3,

`x = (y - 2)/3 = (3-2)/3 = 1/3 ∉` domain Z.

So, for every element in the co domain there need not be any element in the domain such that f(x) = y.
Thus, f is not onto.

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Chapter 2: Functions - Exercise 2.1 [Page 31]

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R.D. Sharma Mathematics Volume 1 and 2 [English] Class 12
Chapter 2 Functions
Exercise 2.1 | Q 1.1 | Page 31

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