Selina solutions for कन्साइस बायोलॉजी [इंग्रजी] इयत्ता १० आयसीएसई chapter 4 - Absorption by roots: The Processes Involved [Latest edition]

List the three primary functions of root.

Mention four purposes for which the plants need water.

Where are the mineral nutrients mostly used in plants?

List three main characteristics of the roots that enable them to draw water from the soil.

Write true or false.

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of their lower concentration to that of a higher one.

Write true or false.

Osmosis includes diffusion, but not vice versa.

Write true or false.

Osmosis is unidirectional.

Write true or false.

Exosmosis may cause bursting of a cell.

Write true or false.

Semi-permeable membrane prevents the passage of the solute molecules.

Write true or false.

In an experiment on osmosis, if external pressure is applied on a dilute solution, less water will pass into the concentrated solution.

In what way is active transport opposite to diffusion?

A cell kept in a certain solution bursts after some time. Comment upon the kind of solution.

Which process- diffusion, osmosis or active transport, needs involvement of energy?

Can we call diffusion passive transport? If so, how?

Name the following:

The state of a cell when it cannot accommodate any more water.

Name the following:

Pressure of the cell contents on the cell wall.

Name the following:

The condition that is opposite to turgid.

Name the following:

The state of a plasmolysed cell after the re-entry of water.

Name the following:

The pressure under which water passes from the living cells of a root into xylem.

Look at Fig. Why was oil added over water in the test tubes?

Look at the experiment shown in Fig. Why was it necessary to take coloured eosin solution in water in the beaker?

Which part of the stem, the xylem or the phloem, is located deeper internally?

Look at Fig. Why has the stem below the ring stopped growing and even slightly decayed?

The hydrostatic pressure of the cell sap on the cell wall is called ______.

When a cell in solution shrinks and loses its shape, then the solution is ______.

The process for which energy is required is ______.

The highest water potential is that of ______.

When the cells of a plant are fully distended, the condition is called ______.

Which of the following creates a suction force in plants?

The phenomenon by which living/dead plant cells absorb water by surface attraction is called ______.

Which of the following is a living, semi-permeable membrane?

Addition of salt to pickles is a method of killing the bacteria by ______.

Root pressure can be measured by using ______.

Two plant cells are placed in two different liquids and observed after 4-6 hours.

Identify the correct pair of the processes happening in plant cells P and Q.

Assertion (A): Roots absorb water and mineral nutrients from the soil.

Reason (R): Soil is the storehouse of all the essential minerals for photosynthesis that are absorbed by the plant through the roots of the plant by the process of diffusion.

Assertion (A): Diffusion is the process of free movement of liquid molecules only. It does not occur in gaseous state.

Reason (R): The main condition which regulates the process of diffusion is the concentration gradient and not the state of matter. It always occurs from higher to lower concentration.

Assertion (A): Translocation of prepared food material in plants always occurs through the phloem tissue in an upward direction.

Reason (R): Phelom is a kind of a complex permanent tissue in plants which surrounds the xylem tissue. It is present all throughout the plant - root, stem or leaves.

Assertion (A): Active transport does not occur through a non-living semi-permeable membrane.

Reason (R): Active transport is in a direction opposite to that of diffusion, i.e. from a region of lower concentration to higher concentration.

Name the following: 

The condition of a cell placed in a hypotonic solution. 

Name the following:

The process by which intact plants lose water in the form of droplets from leaf margins.

Name the following:

The process by which water enters root hairs. 

Name the following: 

The tissue concerned with upward conduction of water in plants.

Name the following:

The process by which molecules distribute themselves evenly within the space they occupy.

Name the following:

The pressure which is responsible for the movement of water molecules across the cortical cells of the root.

Give the equivalent term for the following:

Pressure exerted by the cell contents on the cell wall.

Give the equivalent term for the following:

The condition in which the cell contents are shrunken.

Give the equivalent term for the following:

Loss of water through a cut stem.

Hypotonic solution is one in which the solution kept outside the cell has ______ solute concentration than inside the cell.

Active transport is one in which the ions outside the roots move in by utilising ______.

The bending movements of certain flowers towards the sun and the sleep movements of certain plants at night are examples of ______.

When placed in a more concentrated solution, the cell contents will ______.

The pressure by which the ______ molecules tend to cross the semi-permeable membrane is called osmotic pressure.

Active transport is in a direction ______ to that of diffusion.

Match the items in column I with those in column II

Differentiate between the following:

Plasmolysis and Deplasmolysis.

Differentiate between the following:
Turgor pressure and wall pressure 

Distinguish between the following:

Hypotonic and Hypertonic solutions

Differentiate between the following:

Turgidity and Flaccidity

Mention whether the following statement is true or false. Correct the false statement by altering the last word only.  

Addition of salt to pickles prevents growth of bacteria because they turn turgid. 

Mention whether the following statement is true  or false Correct the false statement by altering the last word only. 

Cells that have lost their water content are said to be deplasmolysed. 

Mention whether the following statement is true or false. Correct the false statement by altering the last word only.  

Xylem is the water conducting tissue in plants.

Mention whether the following statement is true or false. Correct the false statement by altering the last word only. 

The shrinkage of protoplasm, when a cell is kept in hypotonic solution.

Mention whether the following statement is true or false. Correct the false statement by altering the last word only.

The cell wall of the root cell is a differentially permeable membrane. 

Mention whether the following statement is true (T) or false (F) and give an explanation in support of your answer.

Guttation is another name for bleeding in plants.

Mention whether the following statement is true (T) or false (F) and give an explanation in support of your answer.

Soaked seeds burst into three seed coats.

Mention whether the following statement is true (T) or false (F) and give an explanation in support of your answer.

If the phloem of a twig is removed keeping the xylem intact, the leaves of a twig wilt.

Mention whether the following statement is true (T) or false (F) and give an explanation in support of your answer.

Guttation in plants occurs maximum at midday.

Mention whether the following statement is true (T) or false (F) and give an explanation in support of your answer.

Raisins, when submerged in water, swell up due to endosmosis.

Give two examples of turgor movements in plants. 

Define the following term:

Imbibition

Define diffusion.

Define the term:

Osmosis

Define the following term:

Osmotic Pressure

Define the following term:

Active transport

Define the following term:

Tonicity

Give reasons for the following:

If you sprinkle some common salt on grass growing on a lawn, it is killed at that spot.

Give reason for the following:

If you uproot a plant from the soil, its leaves soon wilt.

Give reason for the following:

It is better to transplant seedlings in a flower-bed in the evening and not in the morning.

Give reason for the following:

A plant cell, when kept in a hypertonic salt solution for about 30 minutes, turns flaccid.

Give reason for the following:

Potato cubes, when placed in water, become firm and increase in size.

What are the four main forces which contribute to the ascent of sap (upward movement of water and minerals) ? Name them and explain in short.

What is transpirational pull?

How is transpirational pull caused?

A leaf cell of a water plant was placed in a liquid other than pond water. After sometime, it assumed a shape as shown below:

1. Give the term for the state of the cell it has acquired.
2. Name the structure which acts as a selectively permeable membrane.
3. Comment on the nature (tonicity) of the liquid surrounding the cell.
4. Name any one feature of this plant cell which is not present in an animal cell.
5. Redraw in the space provided, the diagram of the cell if it is soon placed in ordinary water for some time.

The diagram given below represents an experimental set-up to demonstrate a certain process. Study the same and answer the questions that follow:

1. Name the process.
2. Define the above-named process.
3. What would you observe in the experimental set-up after an hour or so?
4. What control experiment can be set up for comparison?
5. Keeping in mind the root hair, cell and its surroundings, name the parts that correspond to
   1. concentrated sugar solution
   2. parchment paper
   3. water in the beaker
6. Name any other material that can be used instead of parchment paper in the above experiment.
7. Mention two advantages of the process for the plants.

The diagram below represents a layer of epidermal cells showing fully grown root hair. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow: 

1. Name the parts labelled A, B, C and D.
2. The root hair cell is in a turgid state. Name and explain the process that caused this state.
3. Mention one distinct difference between the parts labelled A and B.
4. Draw a diagram of the above root hair cell as it would appear when a concentrated solution of fertiliser is added near it.

Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow:

1. Name the process being studied in the above experiment.
2. Explain the process mentioned in (a) above
3. Why is oil placed over water?
4. What do we observe with regard to the level of water when this set-up is placed in (1) bright sunlight, (2) humid conditions and (3) windy days?
5. Mention any three adaptations found in plants to foster the process mentioned in (a) above

Three cylinders of potato were carefully dried on blotting paper and weighed. Each piece weighed 3 grams. Each one was placed in the beaker as shown below:

Answer the following questions:

1. After 48 hours, which potato cylinder would be the heaviest?
2. The movement of which substance is mainly responsible for the weight change in the potato cylinders?
3. Name and define the process which is responsible for the movement of the substance mentioned in answer (b).
4. Write specific names of the processes which occur in beakers B and C. [kinds of processes defined in answer (c)].
5. Would there be any difference in the weight of the potato cylinder in beaker A after 48 hours? Give reason.

The figure given below is a diagrammatic representation of a part of the cross-section of the root in the root hair zone. Study the same and then answer the questions that follow:

1. The parts labelled as 1, 2, 3 and 4 are:
   1. Root hair, Xylem vessel, Soil particles, Cortex respectively.
   2. Xylem vessel, Soil particles, Root hair, Cortex respectively.
   3. Root hair, Xylem vessel, Cortex, Soil particles respectively.
   4. Cortex, Soil particles, Xylem vessel, Root hair respectively.
2. The process that enables the passage of water from soil into the root hair is:
   1. Diffusion
   2. Active transport
   3. Osmosis
   4. Passive absorption
3. The kind of force which exists between a liquid and any surface is called as:
   1. Cohesive force
   2. Adhesive force
   3. Capillarity
   4. Suction force
4. The kind of force between the same kind of liquid molecules is:
   1. Capillary force
   2. Transpirational pull
   3. Adhesive force
   4. Cohesive force
5. Sometimes exudation of water occurs from the margin of the leaves in the early morning or night. It is termed as:
   1. Transpiration
   2. Guttation
   3. Bleeding
   4. Osmosis

Study the experimental setup in the figure and then answer the questions that follow.

1. What phenomenon is being studied by this setup?
2. Explain the phenomenon mentioned in (a) above.
3. What is meant by 'semipermeable membrane'?
4. What will you observe in the set-up after about half an hour? Give a reason for your answer.

Given below is the figure of a plant cell showing different kinds of pressure acting upon it. Study the figure and answer the questions that follow:

1. In the figure, 1, 2 and 3 represent:
   1. Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Vacuole respectively
   2. Vacuole, Cytoplasm, Cell wall respectively.
   3. Cytoplasm, Cell membrane and vacuole respectively.
   4. Cytoplasm, Cell wall and Vacuole respectively.
2. B in the figure represents:
   1. Osmotic pressure
   2. Turgor pressure
   3. Wall pressure
   4. Diffusion pressure
3. A in the figure represents:
   1. irnbibition pressure
   2. Wall pressure
   3. Turgor pressure
   4. Osmotic pressure
4. C in the figure represents:
   1. Turgor pressure
   2. Osmotic pressure
   3. Wall pressure
   4. Imbibition pressure
5. Draw a neat and labelled diagram of a plasmolyzed plant cell.