Selina solutions for कन्साइस बायोलॉजी [इंग्रजी] इयत्ता १० आयसीएसई chapter 12 - The Endocrine System [Latest edition]

Regulation of activities inside the body are brought about by ______ and ______ systems.

Hormones are secreted directly into the ______.

Chemically, some hormones are ______ some steroids, some ______.

Both ______ or deficiency of hormones lead to serious consequences.

Hormones produced in one species usually show ______ influence in other species.

Give the characteristics of hormones pertaining to site of action.

Give the characteristics of hormones pertaining to chemical nature.

Give the characteristics of hormones pertaining to manner of transportation.

Write a note on the four different kinds of cell in Pancreas.

Mention the two principal ways in which insulin acts.

Name the following condition:

Passage of much glucose in urine.

Name the following condition:

Overdose of insulin makes the diabetic patient unconscious.

List any three symptoms of diabetes mellitus.

List the hormones secreted by the following:

Adrenal

List any two effects of adrenaline.

Thyroid is located close to ______.

Cretinism is caused due to ______ of thyroxin.

Oversecretion of thyroxin causes ______ goitre.

The condition showing swelling in face and hands and sluggishness due to hypothyroidism is called ______.

The hormone concerned with facing dangers is ______.

Cortex and medulla are the two regions of ______.

One of the effects of increased secretion of adrenaline is ______.

Mention if the following statement is true (T) or false (F). If false, rewrite the correct word (not words) striking out the single wrong one.

Pituitary is of the size of a lemon.

Mention if the following statement is true (T) or false (F). If false, rewrite the correct word (not words) striking out the single wrong one.

Pituitary has three lobes - anterior, posterior and intermediate.

Mention if the following statement is true (T) or false (F). If false, rewrite the correct word (not words) striking out the single wrong one.

Oversecretion of growth hormone in adult causes gigantism.

Mention if the following statement is true (T) or false (F). If false, rewrite the correct word (not words) striking out the single wrong one.

Vasopressin secreted by anterior lobe controls reabsorption of water form kidney tubules.

Expand the following biological abbreviation: 

TSH

Write the full form of LH.

Write the full for of ACTH.

Expand the abbreviation ADH.

What causes the following?

Acromegaly

What causes the following?

Diabetes insipidus

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?

Which of the following hormones stimulates milk secretion?

Oxytocin stimulates the contraction of ______.

Hypersecretion of growth hormone causes ______.

A gland which secretes enzymes and hormones both is ______.

Insulin is secreted by ______.

Islets of Langerhans are located in the ______.

Exophthalmic goitre is caused due to the overactivity of ______.

The hormone which causes stimulation of sympathetic nervous system is ______.

The hormone which stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver to glucose is ______.

John tried to match the hormones with the disorders caused due to their hyposecretion. He tabulated the pairs as follows:

Identify the correct pairs of hormones.

Assertion (A): Hormones are the secretions from some glandular parts of the body which regulate certain physiological processes by chemical means.

Reason (R): Hormones are directly poured into the target organs which are usually very close to the source/ gland secreting the hormones.

1. A is True and R is False.
2. A is False and R is True.
3. Both A and R are True.
4. Both A and R are False.

Assertion (A): Adrenal medulla secretes glucocorticoids which regulate glucose levels of the blood. 

Reason (R): Glucocorticoids, a kind of cortisone, stimulate the deposition of extra glucose in blood as glycogen in the liver and muscles. The roles of insulin and glucocorticoids are the same.

1. A is True and R is False.
2. A is False and R is True.
3. Both A and R are True.
4. Both A and R are False.

Assertion (A): Oversecretion of insulin causes hyperglycemia or diabetes mellitus. 

Reason (R): Oversecretion of insulin can lead to hypoglycemia by casuing excessive uptake of glucose from the blood into the cells, which in turn can lead to increased insulin resistance and ultimately result in hyperglycemia or diabetes mellitus.

1. A is True and R is False.
2. A is False and R is True.
3. Both A and R are True.
4. Both A and R are False.

Assertion (A): Cretinism is a condition which affects adults causing dwarfism and mental retardation.

Reason (R): Cretinism is a kind of hypothyroidism. This disease occurs due to the defective development, or early atrophy (degeneration), of the thyroid.

1. A is True and R is False.
2. A is False and R is True.
3. Both A and R are True.
4. Both A and R are False.

Name the following:

The hormone produced by adrenal medulla.

Name the following:

The condition caused by the oversecretion of insulin.

Name the following:

The hormone secreted by β (beta) cells of the islets of Langerhans.

Name the following:

The interconnection between the two lobes of thyroid gland (technical term).

Name the following:

The hormone whose undersecretion causes more urine formation.

Name the following:

The hormone which stimulates the entire sympathetic nervous system.

What would a child suffer from if there was hyposecretion from his thyroid?

Choose the odd one out from series and write the category of the remaining terms:

Choose the odd one out from series and write the category of the remaining terms:

Choose the odd one out from series and write the category of the remaining terms:

Choose the Odd One Out.

Write the full for of ACTH.

Expand the following biological abbreviation: 

TSH

Expand the abbreviation ADH.

Write the full form of LH.

Write full form of the following abbreviation:

FSH

Identify the odd one in the following and mention what the rest is:

Identify the odd one in the following and mention what the rest is:

Identify the odd one in the following and mention what the rest is:

Identify the odd one in the following and mention what the rest is:

Identify the odd one in the following and mention what the rest is:

Match the terms given in column A with those in column B.

Given below is a group of terms. In the group the first pair indicates the relationship between the two terms. Suggest the suitable word(s) for the fourth place.

Beta cells : Insulin :: Alpha cells : ______.

Given below is a group of terms. In the group the first pair indicates the relationship between the two terms. Suggest the suitable word(s) for the fourth place.

Children: Cretinism :: Adults : ______.

Given below is a group of terms. In the group the first pair indicates the relationship between the two terms. Suggest the suitable word(s) for the fourth place.

Undersecretion: Dwarfism:: Oversecretion : ______.

Given below is a group of terms. In the group the first pair indicates the relationship between the two terms. Suggest the suitable word(s) for the fourth place.

Diabetes mellitus: Insulin:: Diabetes insipidus : ______.

Mention the name of disease based on the clue/symptom given below:

Urine is loaded with sugar.

Mention the name of disease based on the clue/symptom given below:

Swelling in the neck.

Mention the name of disease based on the clue/symptom given below:

Dwarfism and mental retardation in children.

Mention the name of disease based on the clue/symptom given below:

Eyes are protruded.

Mention the name of disease based on the clue/symptom given below:

Excessive growth of bones in the face, hands and feet.

Write the exact location of the following gland:

Thyroid

Write the exact location of the following glands:

Adrenal

Write the exact location of the following glands:

Pancreas

Write the exact location of the following glands:

Pituitary

Name the following:

Three hormones secreted from the Islets of Langerhans of pancreas.

Name the following:

Two types of cortical hormones.

Name the following:

Six hormones secreted from anterior pituitary.

Name the following:

Two hormones secreted from posterior pituitary.

Name the following:

The emergency hormone.

Name the following;

Diseases caused due to hypothyroidism.

Name the following:

Symptoms of cretinism.

Name the following:

Abnormalities caused due to hypersecretion of growth hormone.

Write the main function of the following hormone.

Thyroxine

Write the main function of the following hormone.

Adrenaline

Write the main function of the following hormone.

Insulin

Write the main function of the following hormone.

Glucagon

Write the main function of the following hormone.

Vasopressin

Name the hormones responsible for the given functions.

If you stand to make your maiden speech before a large audience, your mouth dries up and heart rate increases. What brings about these changes?

Given below is a table designed to give the names of the glands, the hormones produced, their chief functions, the effects of oversecretion and undersecretion in respect of thyroid, pituitary and pancreas. Fill up the blanks 1–13.

Complete the following table by filling in the blanks numbered 1 to 7.

Complete the following table by filling in the blank spaces numbered 1 to 8: 

Define the following term:

Endocrine system

Define the following term:

Hormones

Define the following term:

Myxoedema

Distinguish between the following pair:

Exocrine and endocrine glands (secretory substance and example)

Distinguish between the following pair:

Enzymes and hormones (mode of transport and target organ)

Distinguish between the following pair:

Nervous control and hormonal control (transmission and effect)

Distinguish between the following pair:

Diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus (cause and symptoms)

Distinguish between the following pair:

Addison's disease and cushing's syndrome (cause and sugar level)

Give reason.

Adrenaline is often described as the emergency hormone.

Give a reason.

Pituitary is popularly called as the master gland.

People living in the low Himalayan hilly regions often suffer from goiter. What could be the possible reason for it? 

Give reason.

Simple goitre can be prevented by using iodised salt in food.

Identify the gland with the help of following clue:

The gland is like a cap on top of each kidney.

Identify the gland with the help of following clue:

The gland is both a duct gland as well as a ductless gland.

Identify the gland with the help of following clue:

A bilobed (butterfly-shaped) gland.

Identify the gland with the help of following clue:

The gland is located in mid-brain below the hypothalamus.

Study the diagram given below and then answer the questions that follow:

1. Name the cells of the pancreas that produce (1) glucagon (2) insulin.
2. State the main function of (1) glucagon and (2) insulin.
3. Why is the pancreas referred to as an exo-endocrine gland?
4. Why is insulin not given orally but is injected into the body?
5. What is the technical term for the cells of the pancreas that produce endocrine hormones?
6. Where in the body is the pancreas located?

Given ahead is a portion from the human body showing some important structure in ventral (front) view.

1. Where is this portion located in the body?
2. Name the structures numbered 1-3.
3. State one main function of each of the structures named above.
4. Is there any duct to carry the secretions from the structure numbered 2? If so, give its name.

Given alongside is an outline diagram of human body showing position of certain organs.

1. Name the parts numbered 1 to 4.
2. What is common to all these parts in regard to the nature of their functions?
3. Name the nutrient element which is essential for the normal working of part 2.

The diagram given alongside shows an endocrine gland in the human body. Study the diagram and answer the following questions:

1. Identify the gland. Write its specific location in the human body.
2. Label the guidelines 1, 2 and 3 shown in the figure.
3. Name any two secretions from part 1 and two from part 2.
4. The deficiency of which hormone causes Diabetes insipidus? How is this condition different from Diabetes mellitus with respect to the abnormal substances present in the of urine.

Human height is mainly controlled by genetic factors but hormonal secretion is also equally important in regulating the height. Study the figures given below and answer the questions that follow:

1. Which of the above figures (A/B/C) is suffering from hyposecretion of the growth hormone?
2. Name the disorder shown in figure A.
3. Mention the gland which secretes ‘Growth Hormone’.

Compare the hormonal response with the nervous response with respect to their speed, transmission and the general nature of changes brought about.

Mention three important differences between the action of hormones and that of nerves in the regulatory mechanism of our body.