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प्रश्न
Write a note on the four different kinds of cell in Pancreas.
Mention the three types of cells 'of the islets of Langerhans and the name of the hormone they secrete.
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उत्तर
Islets of Langerhans are endocrine cells of pancreas. They are four types of cells in Islets of Langerhans which have endocrine role i.e. they secrete hormones.
- Alpha cells (α cells): They constitute 20% of Islets of Langerhans. They secrete hormone glucagon. Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen) in liver which may cause hyperglycemia.
- Beta cells (β cells): They constitute 70% of Islets of Langerhans. They secrete insulin which stimulates glycogenesis (formation of glycogen) in liver and muscles. Insulin causes hypoglycemia by increasing uptake of glucose by cells.
- Delta cells (δ cells): They constitute 10% of Islets of Langerhans. These cells secrete somatostatin which inhibits the secretion of insulin and glucagon. It also lowers the gastric secretions, motility and absorption in digestive tract. Somatostatin inhibits the release of growth hormone.
- PP cells or F cells: These cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and inhibit the release of pancreatic juice.
Notes
Students should refer to the answer according to their questions.
संबंधित प्रश्न
Given below is the outline of the human body showing the important glands :
(i) Name the glands marked 1 to 4.
(ii) Name the hormone secreted by part 2. Give one important function of this hormone.
(iii) Name the endocrine part of the numbered 3.
(iv) Why is the part labelled I called the master gland? Which part of the forebrain controls the gland labelled I?
(v) Name the gland that secretes the ‘emergency hormone’.
Rewrite the correct form of the statement: Cretinism is caused due to deficiency of Adrenaline.
The hormone secreted by islets of langerhans.
Name the following:
The hormone which increases blood pressure
Identify the odd one in the following and mention what the rest is:
If you stand to make your maiden speech before a large audience, your mouth dries up and heart rate increases. What brings about these changes?
If one adrenal gland is removed, the other one gets enlarged to some extent. How do you explain this change?
Some adult women may develop facial hairs. What may be the cause for it?
Give the Technical Term: Name the hormone which prepares the body to face an emergency situation.
Mention, if the following statement is True or False. If false rewrite the wrong statement in its correct form:
Adrenal cortex produces emergency hormone adrenaline.
Describe in brief, an account of disorders of the adrenal gland.
Answer the questions after observing the diagram given below.
- What acts as the first messenger?
- Why can’t hormones like catecholamines enter their target cells through plasma membrane?
- Name the mode of hormone action shown in the diagram.
Which pair of adrenal hormones is NOT synthesized by the action of ACTH.
Correct the following statement by replacing the term underlined.
Tetraiodothyronine is an emergency hormone.
Which of the following hormone is responsible for the emotional state as fear, anger, pain and causes, rise of blood pressure and rate of heartbeat?
In the given figure, what is indicated as 'X'?
Match the terms given in column A with those in column B.
| Column A | Column B | ||
| (a) | Adrenaline | (i) | Hypoglycemia |
| (b) | Adrenal virilism | (ii) | Hyperglycemia |
| (c) | Addison's disease | (iii) | Mental retardation |
| (d) | Acromegaly | (iv) | Eyes are protruded |
| (e) | Cushing's syndrome | (v) | Excessive growth of bones in face |
| (vi) | Emergency hormone | ||
| (vii) | Masculine characters |
Name the following:
Two types of cortical hormones.
Give reason.
Adrenaline is often described as the emergency hormone.
