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प्रश्न
Write a note on the four different kinds of cell in Pancreas.
Mention the three types of cells 'of the islets of Langerhans and the name of the hormone they secrete.
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उत्तर
Islets of Langerhans are endocrine cells of pancreas. They are four types of cells in Islets of Langerhans which have endocrine role i.e. they secrete hormones.
- Alpha cells (α cells): They constitute 20% of Islets of Langerhans. They secrete hormone glucagon. Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen) in liver which may cause hyperglycemia.
- Beta cells (β cells): They constitute 70% of Islets of Langerhans. They secrete insulin which stimulates glycogenesis (formation of glycogen) in liver and muscles. Insulin causes hypoglycemia by increasing uptake of glucose by cells.
- Delta cells (δ cells): They constitute 10% of Islets of Langerhans. These cells secrete somatostatin which inhibits the secretion of insulin and glucagon. It also lowers the gastric secretions, motility and absorption in digestive tract. Somatostatin inhibits the release of growth hormone.
- PP cells or F cells: These cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and inhibit the release of pancreatic juice.
Notes
Students should refer to the answer according to their questions.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Given below is the outline of the human body showing the important glands:
- Name the glands marked 1 to 4.
- Name the hormone secreted by part 2. Give one important function of this hormone.
- Name the endocrine part of the numbered 3.
- Why is the part labelled 1 called the master gland? Which part of the forebrain controls the gland labelled 1?
- Name the gland that secretes the ‘emergency hormone’.
Rewrite the correct form of the statement: Cretinism is caused due to deficiency of Adrenaline.
Identify the odd one in each set : Oxytocin, Insulin, Prolactin, Progesterone
Match the items given in Column A with the most appropriate ones in Column B and rewrite the correct matching pairs
| Column A | Column B | ||
| 1 | Cretinism | a | Hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex |
| 2 | Diabetes insipidus | b | Hyposecretion of Thyroxine |
| 3 | Exophthalmic Goitre | c | Hyposecretion of growth hormone |
| 4 | Adrenal virilism | d | Hyposecretion of Vasopressin |
| 5 | Dwarfism | e | Hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex |
| f | Hypersecretion of Growth hormone | ||
| g | Hypersecretion of thyroxine |
Differentiate between the following pairs on the basis of what is indicated in the brackets.
Testosterone and Oestrogen (Organ which secretes)
If one adrenal gland is removed, the other one gets enlarged to some extent. How do you explain this change?
Name the following:
Gland secreting adrenaline.
Name the hormone produced by the following gland, giving one function:
Adrenal medulla
Give the Technical Term: Name the hormone which prepares the body to face an emergency situation.
Give the Technical Term: Name the glands which secrete the following hormone: Adrenaline
Give the Technical Term: Name the glands which secrete the following hormone: Noradrenalin
State the Location
Adrenal
Describe in brief, an account of disorders of the adrenal gland.
______ is a mineralocorticoid secreted by Adrenal gland.
Name the glucocorticoid used in treatment of allergy and why?
Sanjay is sitting in the exam hall. Before the start of the exam, he sweats a lot, with an increased rate of heartbeat. Why does this condition occur?
Give an account of secretion of various parts of Adrenal cortex.
Write the exact location of the following glands:
Adrenal
Name the following:
Two types of cortical hormones.
