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प्रश्न
Write a note on the four different kinds of cell in Pancreas.
Mention the three types of cells 'of the islets of Langerhans and the name of the hormone they secrete.
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उत्तर
Islets of Langerhans are endocrine cells of pancreas. They are four types of cells in Islets of Langerhans which have endocrine role i.e. they secrete hormones.
- Alpha cells (α cells): They constitute 20% of Islets of Langerhans. They secrete hormone glucagon. Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen) in liver which may cause hyperglycemia.
- Beta cells (β cells): They constitute 70% of Islets of Langerhans. They secrete insulin which stimulates glycogenesis (formation of glycogen) in liver and muscles. Insulin causes hypoglycemia by increasing uptake of glucose by cells.
- Delta cells (δ cells): They constitute 10% of Islets of Langerhans. These cells secrete somatostatin which inhibits the secretion of insulin and glucagon. It also lowers the gastric secretions, motility and absorption in digestive tract. Somatostatin inhibits the release of growth hormone.
- PP cells or F cells: These cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and inhibit the release of pancreatic juice.
Notes
Students should refer to the answer according to their questions.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
The catecholamines are secreted by _________.
Briefly explain the following terms: Hormone
The hormone secreted by islets of langerhans.
Explain Hormones.
Match the items given in Column A with the most appropriate ones in Column B and rewrite the correct matching pairs
| Column A | Column B | ||
| 1 | Cretinism | a | Hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex |
| 2 | Diabetes insipidus | b | Hyposecretion of Thyroxine |
| 3 | Exophthalmic Goitre | c | Hyposecretion of growth hormone |
| 4 | Adrenal virilism | d | Hyposecretion of Vasopressin |
| 5 | Dwarfism | e | Hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex |
| f | Hypersecretion of Growth hormone | ||
| g | Hypersecretion of thyroxine |
Choose the odd one out from each series
The hormonal sources – adrenal cortex, adrenal medualla, cortisone, pituitary.
……………………………………………..
Mention which of the statements are true (T) and which are false (F). Give reason in support of your answer.
Adrenaline is often described as emergency hormone
If you stand to make your maiden speech before a large audience, your mouth dries up and heart rate increases. What brings about these changes?
Describe any two hormones produced by the ovaries.
Which gland is represented by 'X' in the given diagram?
The steroid responsible for balance of water and electrolytes in our body is ______.
Choose the correct option among the following options
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Epinephrine | i. Stimulates muscle growth |
| B. Testosterone | ii. Decrease in blood pressure |
| C. Glucagon | iii. Breakdown of liver glycogen content |
| D. Atrial natriuretic factor | iv. Increases heart beat |
Cortisol is secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to stress
In addition to its function in a stress response, it functions in negative feedback by ______.
In the given figure, what is indicated as 'X'?
Match the terms given in column A with those in column B.
| Column A | Column B | ||
| (a) | Adrenaline | (i) | Hypoglycemia |
| (b) | Adrenal virilism | (ii) | Hyperglycemia |
| (c) | Addison's disease | (iii) | Mental retardation |
| (d) | Acromegaly | (iv) | Eyes are protruded |
| (e) | Cushing's syndrome | (v) | Excessive growth of bones in face |
| (vi) | Emergency hormone | ||
| (vii) | Masculine characters |
Write the exact location of the following glands:
Adrenal
Name the following:
Two types of cortical hormones.
Write the main function of the following hormone.
Adrenaline
Distinguish between the following pair:
Addison's disease and cushing's syndrome (cause and sugar level)
Consider the following statements regarding function of adrenal medullary hormones:
- It causes pupilary constriction.
- It is a hyperglycemic hormone.
- It causes piloerection.
- It increases the strength of heart contractions.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
